Using a message interpretation perspective, this study (N = 379) examined how sex of the student, sex of the teacher, and the setting affect the messages students receive from a teacher's excessive use of immediacy. Results reveal that students interpret excessive immediacy from female teachers as caring, but the same behavior from male teachers…

Although previous research has linked sexual harassment to negative psychological outcomes, few studies have focused on moderators of these relationships. The present study surveyed Black (n = 88) and White (n = 170) female undergraduates who endorsed experiences of sexual harassment to examine whether traditional gender attitudes differentially…

In the counseling profession, women constitute the majority of clients and practitioners. Given this situation, two questions arise concerning counselor preparation literature: (1) To what extent have women authored counselor preparation literature? (2) To what degree has this literature considered gender? In order to establish a context for…

The differences between early African American narratives written by women and those written by men can be seen in a comparison of Harriet A. Jacobs's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself" and Frederick Douglass's "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave." A comparison of these works…

The four issues in this newsletter volume present information on the status and education of women. The focus of issue 1 is on gains women have made in higher education, including enrollment and faculty and administrator positions. Issue 2 focuses on what is called "The Complex Salary Equation" and discusses salary issues and the working…

Currently, men hold the majority of superintendencies in the United States. A 2000 study found that 94.9 percent of American superintendents are white and 86.6 are male. Only 13.2 percent of the nation's superintendent positions are held by women, 91.6 percent of whom are white and 7.1 percent are minority. The absence of mentoring relationships,…

Until women are fully represented at the leadership level of public, professional, and economic life, they cannot enjoy full and equal rights. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) will continue the task of assisting the educational path of girls as the first and most important step in this direction.…

This study was designed to help determine whether there are gender differences in the psychological and moral development of traditional-age college students. Two hundred thirty-three first-year and graduating students were given the Student Development Task and Lifestyle Inventory (SDTLI) and the Defining Issues Test (DIT) to determine whether…

Title IX, the 1972 United States federal law forbidding sex discrimination in education, has a rarely-talked-about but surprisingly tenuous history which illustrates how discourses of equality come to mean political powerlessness for diverse girls and women in school. Unfortunately, "sexual" debates such as women's sports and sexual…

This study explored differences in disciplinary approaches of male and female teachers toward male and female children, examining the connection between educator's gender and method of disciplining urban, elementary school aged children. Participants were 20 New York State certified and licensed teachers in two elementary schools. Teacher surveys…

The role of gender in presidential communications and leadership on campus was studied through an exploration of the language 2-year college presidents used to describe their own leadership. The study also considered whether gendered concepts of leadership were reified by campus members. Participants were two community college presidents, one male…

This study explores the mathematics-related beliefs of Flemish junior high school students and how they relate to gender, achievement level, and tracking level. Results indicate that students' mathematics-related belief systems are interconnected very strongly with the educational track in which they take their mathematics courses, but also with…

This study was conducted to investigate the academic experiences of selected African American women faculty and administrators employed by two-year and four-year predominantly white institutions. The sample selection was purposeful, and three faculty members and two administrators agreed to participate. Each participant was interviewed on five…

School leaders from five states gathered recently to examine civil rights issues facing students today. The session was held by the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA) South Central Collaborative for Equity, which is the federally-funded equity assistance center for Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The…

Evaluated videotaped interviews of individuals (N=104) of varying ages to assess the amount of wisdom they possess. Results indicate that although the content of their responses did not vary, the older males and the younger females were both perceived as wiser than the older female and younger male respondents. (RJM)