For early childhood educators a cognitive approach to stress therapy is a valuable supplement to other approaches. Early childhood educators, like others, may develop psychological vulnerabilities that contribute to stress and depression. An exaggerated need for approval or an unhealthy demand for perfectionism may contribute to their experience…

The relationship between occupational stress and general stress and possible relationship among selected teacher personal and situational variables and the two types of stress was investigated. Subjects of the study were teachers in Huntsville, Alabama, a city of 145,000 with an industrial and agricultural economy. There was a return of 41 percent…

How we go about labeling and conceptualizing the social problem of burnout reveals much about the underlying values and assumptions of our culture. An examination of the history of social science and related, applied fields during the last 150 years, reveals two different paradigms, i.e., ways of viewing the world based on untested assumptions and…

Research and intervention on burnout have focused on the worker and the work setting. Since these factors are influenced by social, political and economic forces in society, alienation or burnout in the human services requires critical examination in a larger context, especially the history of the human services prior to 1976 when concern about…

This review of literature on stress among teachers in urban schools examines the stress concept as it is defined in medicine, psychology, and teaching; causes of teacher stress; the nature of the stress response in teachers; ways of coping with stress and the effects of various stress reduction techniques; economic and educational costs of teacher…

A carefully-monitored off-campus program for preservice teacher education students can be used as a preventive approach to teacher stress, burnout, and culture shock often experienced by practicing and beginning teachers. Anxiety, caused by a variety of reactions including low self image, threat to security, and fear, is a common element in stress…

A description is given of a workshop format that is being successfully used to motivate and guide teachers who are changing careers. Reasons cited for teachers leaving the profession include a heavily supplied market with reduced demand, economic stagnation and noncompetitive salaries, and job burnout. The workshop is designed to promote the…

Burnout is a condition that exacts a heavy toll on organizational effectiveness. Conditions that contribute to burnout in human service organizations are lack of funds, lack of flexibility, lack of decision-making power of middle managers, task overload, little recognition for efforts, and nature of client population. Strategies to prevent burnout…

Burnout in education is described in terms of system stress. Systems and their relationships are viewed at four levels: somatic, psychological, social, and cultural. "Burnout" is defined as a reduction of the function of an organism or living system. Changes in the state of a system create increased demands for adaptation. Stress is a general…

The relationship among role ambiguity and role conflict and the three burnout factors of depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion was evaluated in a study of 307 rural special educators. Findings demonstrated a relationship between role ambiguity and role conflict and burnout factors among rural special educators. (JHZ)

Proposes a time management framework for those working within social service institutions such as schools. Explains three sequential and interdependent groups of recommendations: (1) self-awareness and self-discipline; (2) organizational awareness and a synchronization of both the institution and the individual; and (3) planning, timetabling,…

Reasons for traditional faculty development programs' neglect of middle-aged, disillusioned faculty are explored. A plan is presented for involving colleagues, including department chairpersons, in efforts to reestablish communication and reinvolve these faculty in meaningful activities and rewards. (MSE)

Identifies potential organizationally based stressors and isolates those that elementary teachers in an urban school district report as most stressful. Also explores (1) how teachers manifest their stress and (2) the effectiveness of various stress management intervention strategies in modifying teachers' perceptions of the intensity of…

Survey of 547 public library reference librarians compared to a similar study of teachers indicates that: 35% of librarians experienced burnout; burnout was high where role ambiguity and role conflict were present; role variable use in predicting burnout was statistically significant; comparison with teachers showed similarities and differences.…

Recounts the disruptions, conflicts, and general hostility that resulted when the position of English department head was eliminated in an attempt to save money. (RBW)