The nine studies contained in this volume represent efforts to better understand and develop improved programs for middle school students. Research briefs deal with such topics as the attitudes of students, teachers, and principals; middle school characteristics; the degree of middle school program implementation; a guidance program model;…

This book presents brief educational profiles of 85 countries based on reports presented at the International Conference of Education in 1977. Educational systems in Africa, the Arab states, Asia and Oceania, Europe, and the Americas are outlined according to general aims, administration, finance, structure and organization, curricula, and teacher…

Compatibility of three basic goals of public education in the United States is examined. The goals are: (1) equal educational opportunity, interpreted as giving the same education to all students regardless of factors such as race and parental wealth; (2) general competence, defined as attainment of basic academic skills by the great preponderance…

This report from the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies summarizes findings of current analyses of the educational outcomes of low-income, primarily black children who did or did not participate in experimental early education programs in the 1960s. Data from 11 research projects provided information on approximately 3,000 low-income children.…

The proceedings consist of the presidential address, papers, responses, and dialogue presented at the annual meeting of the Ohio Valley Philosophy of Education Society. Papers emphasized three themes: (1) tasks of philosophical and empirical inquiry in education, (2) moral and values education, and (3) educational policy. In the presidential…

An overview of the educational system of Romania is presented in this pamphlet. The system consists of preschool education in kindergartens; ten years of compulsory general education divided into three cycles (primary, gymnasium, and lyceum or vocational education); one to two years of post secondary specialized education; and higher education in…

The document examines the past and present functions of educational history. By focussing on the contradictions between the organization of public education and the values upon which it is supposed to rest, critical history can be the most dynamic source of educational change. In the past, history as conceived in history departments differed…

The paper explores special education in Australia during the period 1970-80. Separate sections discuss the following aspects: (1) beginnings of special education in Australia, (2) early developments in public provision for the education of handicapped children, (3) progress in the provision for special education during 1970-80 (including such…

Studies show that 9 out of 10 migrant students do not complete their high school education. To identify the factors contributing to this high dropout rate, 350 migrant youths were surveyed to assess what they viewed as "good" programs and why they had dropped out of school. Most respondents noted some sort of sports activity as what they liked…

Social studies education in 22 countries is described. The purpose of the publication is to stimulate international communication and cross-cultural study among practitioners in different countries. The introduction to the report discusses issues related to social studies education and to international communication. Common concerns, curriculum…

THE UTILIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT INGREDIENTS IN COPING WITH CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS. THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE QUESTION OF PRIORITIES IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PLACE IN THE NATIONAL SCENE, DESCRIBES THREE STUDIES DEALING WITH THE PROBLEM OF COORDINATING RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND USE (PROJECT HINDSIGHT, THE TACOMA…

The paper explores types of secondary education offered to students of various social backgrounds in Teheran, Iran, and examines processes by which students are guided into educational tracks. The hypothesis is that assignment to an academic versus a vocational program and tracking within these programs plays a major role in the type of…

This paper surveys the status and condition of educational administration today from an international perspective. It begins with a retrospective look at educational administration from its beginning in 1905 when the first doctorates were awarded up through the "Theory Movement." It then looks at the current situation in the areas of…

A study was undertaken to determine which types of verbal humor are preferred by children and to discover how well adults can predict what children will perceive as humorous. Fifteen adults (education students, parents, and teachers) were asked to rate 25 jokes on a four point scale ranging from not funny at all and not very funny to kind of funny…

A review and bibliography of the history of curriculum development in the United States is presented. The document is comprised of two parts. Part I traces the history of curriculum thought and practice up to 1955. Periods covered include: Herbartianism (1895-1905), which represented the first major formulation of curriculum methodology based on…