School districts can improve their chances of avoiding financial difficulty by developing unreserved fund balance resources specifically for contingencies. Offers guidelines for establishing such a fund. (MLF)

Using interview data from 42 working, lower- and underclass African-American female college students, this article challenges the primacy of the cultural argument that educational failure of African-American women is primarily the result of their adherence to oppositional cultural forms and a preindustrial sense of time that inhibits success in…

Argues that the shortage of financial aid for minority students is a serious national problem deserving of special attention. A study of 131 black college students shows that the burden of self-financing their education triggered a variety of other educational and personal difficulties. Coping efforts and outcomes related to the educational…

Discusses several strategies recommended by small business experts to help for-profit and non-profit child care centers survive a financial crisis. Strategies include: identifying the source of the problem, monitoring cash flow, reducing or deferring expenditures, expediting regular income and exploring new sources of income, patiently working…

Public agricultural extension services around the world are being pressured to adapt to new funding constraints and a changing agricultural sector. The global perspective on extension is no longer that of a unified public sector service, but of a multi-institutional network of knowledge and information support for rural people. This reality and…

This article examines the experiences of three African-American female educators and their families in responding to their own children with special needs. The authors draw upon the narratives provided by these three families to document their personal experiences in parenting children with disabilities. Using fictitious names to protect…

The article presents information on overhauling and regulating schools set up by migrants in the Pudong New District of China. As the number of migrants has risen sharply in the Pudong New District in recent years, so has the number of migrant children. An overall investigation of the fifty-nine schools set up by migrants was conducted and the…

This book examines the changed, and changing, international monetary system. It describes how the system has evolved under nine Presidents, from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan. It also discusses the broader evolution of the world economy during this period, including the trade and investment issues to which international monetary policy is…

This volume presents data for the U.S. and Canadian libraries that were members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) during the 1991-92 fiscal year. The ARL membership consisted of 108 university libraries and 12 public or private independent research libraries. Overall, the 1991-92 statistics offer a gloomy view of the traditional…

A mail survey was conducted of all migrant youth who had received awards from the Gloria and Joseph Mattera National Scholarship Fund for Migrant Children during 1986-1992. Of the 354 scholarship recipients, 129 responded. In addition, 26 scholarship recipients were interviewed through structured telephone surveys. Over 92 percent of the mail…

As part of an effort to stem an unexpected decline in full-time equivalent students (FTES), San Joaquin Delta College, in California, surveyed students to determine their reasons for taking fewer courses and assess their likely reaction to fee increases scheduled for spring 1993. In fall 1993, 2,329 surveys were distributed to students in morning…

This paper outlines results of three informal surveys identifying barriers that Native Americans face when trying to complete a college degree. For the first survey, 22 Native American students who had dropped out of Northern Arizona University indicated that family influences and responsibilities, lack of financial resources, campus attitudes…

This report presents results of an investigation of the economic and demographic characteristics of school-age children in families and changes in these characteristics between 1980 and 1990. The information was requested in connection with the reauthorization of Chapter 1 of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. A particular…

An independent commission evaluated the needs of New York State higher education into the 21st century and made recommendations for meeting those needs within the changing economic and social circumstances of the state and the nation. The Commission's report begins with an overview of higher education in New York, examines three areas of major…

A survey was conducted to evaluate nationally the retention of undergraduates at institutions of higher education. In particular the survey sought to: determine the rates at which full-time students persisted in and completed higher education; identify factors that institutional representatives felt influence students to leave school; and describe…