This report describes the test performances of 26 students who displayed a variety of erroneous rules in completing a 48-item test of fraction addition problems, constructed to diagnose at least 88 projected erroneous rules. Cases were selected for their potential usefulness in designing and implementing an error-diagnostic testing system and in…

Tutorial dialogues can be analyzed as an interaction in which a tutor "debugs" a student's knowledge representation by diagnosing and correcting conceptual misunderstandings. Some tentative steps toward a theory which describes tutorial interactions are outlined. The goal structure of a tutor, types of conceptual bugs that students have…

This is one of a series that is a collection of translations from the extensive Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematics instruction. It also includes works on methods of teaching mathematics directly influenced by the psychological research. Selected papers and books considered to be of value to the…

One aspect of multiple regression--the shrinkage of the multiple correlation coefficient on cross-validation is reviewed. The paper consists of four sections. In section one, the distinction between a fixed and a random multiple regression model is made explicit. In section two, the cross-validation paradigm and an explanation for the occurrence…

An investigation to compare systematic behavioral observations made live with those made on television was conducted. The study was designed to answer three questions: (1) Is there a difference in the agreement between observers (Os) when both view an event Live and when both view the same event on Television? (2) Is there a difference in…

This report, the fifth in a series of working papers issued by the Project on Applied Contrastive Linguistics (PAKS) at the University of Stuttgart, is dedicated to a consideration of error analysis in language learning, here seen as relevant not only for the teacher but for the text book writer and the curriculum planner as well. An introduction…

Five reports from a 2-year study are presented. Frequencies and descriptions of systematic errors in the four algorithms in arithmetic were studied in upper-middle income, regular, and special education classrooms involving 744 children. Children were screened for adequate knowledge of basic facts and for receiving prior instruction on the…

The nature and extent of errors in the oral language of pupils in elementary and secondary school years was investigated. One hundred and eighty subjects were selected from public schools and were administered the Experimental Form B of the new Gray Oral Reading Test. Obtained data were analyzed with descriptive techniques and tests of statistical…

Piaget explains the stage IV error as a failure to assimilate the new place of hiding rather than a forgetting of it. His hypothesis predicts that the likelihood of error should not vary with the length of the delay interval. Nine-month-old infants delayed 0, 1, 3, or 7 seconds before having the opportunity to search. Infants in all conditions,…

Each of two experimenters taught one set of 32 prekindergarteners to discriminate four different letter combinations (R-P, Y-V, C-G, and K-X). Each set of children was randomly selected and assigned to two treatment conditions. The treatment consisted of three warm-up trials, 10 actual training trials, and four post-test trials on a…

Sixth graders wrote solutions to the word problems in the Metropolitan Achievement Test. Errors were analyzed and classified. At least 52 percent of errors were computational or clerical and could not be attributed to reading difficulties. (SD)

The properties of four different tests of the treatment effect in experiments using linguistic materials are examined. (Author/RM)

Concludes that subjects are misled by errors they make on earlier items in cloze tests. (RL)

Four examples of student misunderstandings from algebra and trigonometry are presented, and their implications are discussed. (MP)

Based upon the concept that the psychological meaning of a syllogism depends upon the order of the premises in addition to the formal logic expressed, the analogical theory of the interpretation of syllogisms is developed, experimentally tested, and implemented as a computer program. (CTM)