Studies indicate that doctoral programs do not provide students with optimal conditions for creative scholarship in research. Understandings of the nature of creative behavior in scientific endeavors are examined and related to the practice of advising doctoral candidates during the dissertation-research phase of their work. (Author/MLW)

More work with fractions needs to be done in the elementary school, with emphasis on concepts rather than computational algorithms. (MP)

Studied high-school sophmores, who through group training, were given contraceptive information, steps for solving problems, and practice in communicating decisions about sexual behavior. Compared with untrained, control-condition teenagers, trained teenagers had more positive postest scores on measures of sexual knowledge, interpersonal problem…

Using Pirsig's "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" as a basis, the author offers an alternative to deficit model programing (catch-up classes for "deficient" students) and posits an approach to problem solving that depends on dialog and interaction. (WD)

Presents the aims of the University of Amsterdam's Center for Research into Higher Education and describes two projects: (1) PLATO Pilot Project Amsterdam, a university-wide program in computer-assisted instruction; and (2) "Exercise in Chemical Problem-Solving," computer simulations designed to aid students in developing problem-solving…

Ways of giving students specifications to design computation exercises are revealed. Pupils are seen to benefit from the pride of ownership and familiarity with the vocabulary in developing word problems. (MP)

Examines developmental patterns in the solution of verbal analogies. Twenty subjects in each of grades 3, 6, 9, and in college were tested on their relative abilities to solve 180 verbal analogies based on five different verbal relations. (CM)

This is a description of the programs and projects of the new organization called the United Nations University (UNU). The research orientation of the organization is to meet the need for mobilizing scholarly resources in solving global problems. Programs focus on hunger, land use, and energy. (Author/SA)

Counselors must be aware of the political forces that affect their work and develop a sense of political acumen in dealing with these forces. Effective approaches for counselors to employ in dealing with school boards are personal contact, having needs assessment information available, and presenting options. (Author)

The recent history of environmental advocacy is reviewed. Issues and conflicts entering into environmental advocacy considerations are discussed. Specific strategies for effective environmental advocacy are prescribed. (RE)

Describes Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC), an independent public corporation established to aid scientific research in developing nations. The four programs executed by them are agriculture, food, and nutrition sciences, health sciences, information sciences, and social sciences. (Author/SA)

A total of 482 third- and fourth-year medical students were rated over four-week periods, by multiple raters, house officers, and attending faculty, on 15 behavior rating scales. The data were factor analyzed, revealing two consistently appearing factors: interpersonal skills and problem solving. (Author/GDC)

Presents a dilemma situation with a real conflict for the central characters, two conflicting values or moral issues, and is intended to generate disagreement among students about the appropriate action to be taken. A teacher's guide is included. (Author/SA)

Instrumental Enrichment was compared with direct help in school subjects under field conditions in Israel. Effects favoring Instrumental Enrichment on intellective and nonintellective criteria and residential settings on some intellective measures were obtained. Results indicated that mediating basic deficiencies in problem solving produces better…

Variation in syntactic difficulty in arithmetic problems is studied to determine its influence on students' ability to solve problems correctly. Findings in a study of elementary school students indicated syntactic difficulty affects problem solving ability, regardless of sex (f=fiche number). (MH)