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School Renaissance Inst., Inc., Madison, WI. – 2000
Readability formulas estimate how difficult text is to read. The resulting "readability level" helps teachers and school librarians match students to appropriate books. Guiding students to appropriate-level books is now easier and more accurate with the ATOS (Advantage-TASA Open Standard) Readability Formula for Books, the new…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Elementary Education, Readability Formulas, Reading Comprehension

Bjornsson, C. H. – Reading Research Quarterly, 1983
Determined the readability of large circulation, metropolitan newspapers in 11 different languages using the formula of sentence length plus word length. Swedish language newspapers were the most readable, Russian language newspapers the lease. (AEA)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Foreign Language Periodicals, Media Research, Newspapers

Wolinski, John T.; Bozman, Maurice W. – Social Studies, 1983
The Raygor Readability Estimate, described in this article, is much like the widely used Fry Readability Graph, except that it determines vocabulary difficulty by counting words of six or more letters, rather than by counting syllables. An evaluation found that Raygor was faster and easier to use and more objective than the Fry method. (RM)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Elementary Secondary Education, Readability Formulas

Duffelmeyer, Frederick A. – Reading Teacher, 1982
Reveals that the Rauding Scale of Prose Difficulty provides results closer to Spache and Dale-Chall values than does the Singer Eyeball Estimate of Readability (SEER) technique. (FL)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Elementary Education, Readability

Lorentzen, Karen M. – Reading Improvement, 1982
Argues that health educators must learn to predict readability levels of textbooks to be sure that they are challenging and understandable to the student. Concludes that this can be accomplished through the use of readability formulas. (FL)
Descriptors: Content Area Reading, Health Education, Readability, Readability Formulas

Davison, Alice; Kantor, Robert N. – Reading Research Quarterly, 1982
Argues against the implicit use of readability formulas as guides to writing graded texts and urges experimental research to define the real factors constituting readability. (AEA)
Descriptors: Case Studies, Predictive Validity, Readability Formulas, Reading Research

Journal of Reading, 1981
Presents a checklist developed by the International Reading Association's Committee for Basic Education and Reading, which is designed to help teachers select materials to meet the special needs and interests of adult basic education learners and to make objective judgments based on a clear evaluation process. (MKM)
Descriptors: Adult Basic Education, Check Lists, Content Analysis, Readability Formulas
Holliday, William G.; Braun, Carl – Viewpoints in Teaching and Learning, 1979
This article describes readability assessment methods used in science education, summarizes reported readability estimates of science textbooks, and recommends strategies for reducing the readability load of such materials. (JMF)
Descriptors: Measurement Techniques, Memory, Readability, Readability Formulas

Parker, Richard I.; Hasbrouck, Jan E.; Weaver, Laurie – Reading and Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties, 2001
Uses two formulas developed for Spanish language text to analyze 9 stories that were read by 36 Spanish-speaking second graders with limited English proficiency. Finds that the Spanish readability formulas only weakly predicted student performance, indicating the need to pursue broader, qualitative indices of difficulty for Spanish text. (SG)
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Grade 2, Primary Education, Readability Formulas

Maddux, Cleborne D.; Candler, Ann – Mental Retardation, 1990
Ten introductory textbooks on mental retardation were analyzed with the Flesch formula for reading ease and interest. All texts fell in the "difficult, college level" category for complexity, but seven were classified as "dull" and three "mildly interesting." Most included adequate organizational aids, and agreement…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Mental Retardation, Readability, Readability Formulas

Standal, Timothy – Computers in the Schools, 1987
Discussion of the notion of readability focuses on predicting readability with computerized readability formulas. Semantic and syntactic factors are discussed, the development of readability formulas is described, and five commercially available computer readability formulas are reviewed, including the Readability Estimator, Readability Formulas,…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Computer Software Reviews, Microcomputers, Predictive Measurement
Gulikers, Judith; Bastiaens, Theo; Kirschner, Paul – Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2006
This study focused on determining the facets of assessment authenticity by exploring the perceptions of both students and teachers of vocational education and training. It elaborates on a theoretical five-dimensional framework (5DF) that differentiates between five dimensions and several sub-elements of authenticity. This framework led to the…
Descriptors: Social Environment, Vocational Education, Readability, Factor Analysis
McEneaney, John E. – 1993
This paper describes and reports on the performance of six related artificial neural networks that have been developed for the purpose of readability analysis. Two networks employ counts of linguistic variables that simulate a traditional regression-based approach to readability. The remaining networks determine readability from "visual…
Descriptors: Correlation, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Measurement Techniques
Wesson, David A. – 1987
A study investigated the relationship between readability of advertising copy and conventional measures of ad readership. It was hypothesized that readership scores would be higher for advertisements containing copy with the highest and lowest computed readership grade levels. Fifty-five full-page advertisements that met arbitrary minimal copy…
Descriptors: Advertising, Language Styles, Language Usage, Mass Media
Elley, Warwick B.; Croft, Cedric – 1989
This booklet describes and discusses a method for determining the readability level of prose passages in reading materials for children. The method discussed in the booklet assigns a value to each noun in selected passages on the basis of its frequency level on standard word-frequency charts, correlated in a number of studies with independent…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Nouns, Prose