A review is presented of the role of algorithms in learning and instruction. The paper first describes an algorithm as a procedure guaranteed to produce a correct result and lists its features as: 1) having a reasonably finite number of unambiguously defined operations; 2) having zero or more inputs from a specified domain; 3) having outputs with…

John B. Carroll's Model of School Learning is a paradigm which describes the degree of learning that takes place in school setting as a function of the time spent on a learning task divided by the time needed for its mastery. The components of opportunity and perseverance in Carroll's model have particular relevance to a form of school…

This monograph contains the 24 papers presented to the Third Annual UAP (University Affiliated Program) Conference on "Piagetian Theory: The Helping Professions and the School Age Child." Dr. Mary Ann Pulaski gave the major morning address on "The Importance of Ludi Symbolism (Make Believe Play) in Cognitive Development." The…

A Piagetian analysis of social development focuses on the changes in children's social concepts and the social factors which facilitate these changes. Piaget's early analysis of children's language into a 3-stage transition from egocentrism to fully socialized speech led to more general study of social behavior. Observations of children playing at…

The effects of prereading techniques, specifically "advance organizers" and "structured overview" were studied by comparing retention and comprehension of reading material in high school students with and without prereading treatment. An advance organizer is a brief passage giving a general and inclusive introduction to material to be read. A…

ARIS is an artificial intelligence system which uses the English language to learn, understand, and communicate. The system attempts to simulate the psychoneurological processes which enable man to communicate verbally. It uses a modified stratificational grammar model and is being programed in PL/1 (a programing language) for an IBM 360/67…

The question of federal day care programs on a mass scale oriented toward influencing family life is discussed, and a number of issues concerning the behavioral and social effects of such a system are raised. This document is divided into six parts. Part I discusses the following: day care settings--social, cultural, and anthropological…

This is a survey of techniques that have been used to test language comprehension. The study of research completed in this field points up the fact that there is no single technique that universally gives valid and reliable information. Various definitions of language comprehension are examined with special emphasis placed on implications for the…

The purpose of this study was to attempt to identify those factors that influence a high school student's success on the Advanced Placement (AP) Examinations by examining and comparing the variables contained in the high school records of former AP participants. A total of 248 high school students participated in the research. The criterion for…

In learning a second language, the student should not only learn the native speaker's patterns of phonology, morphology, and syntax; but he should also internalize the native speaker's collective view of the universe and the appropriate related behavior patterns, both linguistic and nonlinguistic. Languages divide reality into different…

The ability to anticipate elements in sequence is the foundation of all language skills. Because of its naturally high redundancy, it is almost always possible in the normal use of language to partially predict what will come next in a sequence of elements. The central feature of language processing is expectancy for successive elements. A very…

The purpose of this research was to determine if training in analytic processing would increase the probability that subjects behaving impulsively prior to training would behave more reflectively following training. The study attempted to alter impulsive behavior in terms of number of errors by training identified impulsive boys to use component…

This study examines the perceived antecedents and consequents of certain concepts that are central to life in the black ghetto and to black and white interactions in job settings, as they are perceived by samples of blacks and whites. This study had two main goals: (a) instrument development; and (b) the gathering of data on subjective…

This working paper is intended for inclusion in a curriculum manual for future publication, possibly in 1972. A guide for preschool teachers, it offers goals and methods designed to increase thinking power in children and given them the opportunity to express themselves in their own way. The basic elements of the Cognitive Preschool Curriculum are…

The experiments outlined in this paper assess the relative effectiveness of two approaches to teaching foreign language grammar to adults. One approach, called the "Implicit Method," is based on the audiolingual habit theory of language learning. Grammar is taught inductively through the reading of dialogues and practice with carefully…