The history of education and civil rights in Detroit is briefly reviewed before discussion begins on the implications of the Brown decision. It is a premise of the author that the 1954 Supreme Court decision influenced or directly brought about some major changes in the schools. The issues discussed here were raised during the decade following…

There are grounds for concern about testing's relationship to the law because where a constitutional issue is involved, the burden of proof of need for the test immediately shifts to educators. Throughout the history of testing in this country, the courts have often intervened to assure that students, while they are in school, are free from…

A student's choice of an answer to a test question is a coarse measure of his knowledge about the subject matter of the question. Much finer measurement might be achieved if the student were asked to estimate, for each possible answer, the probability that it is the correct one. Such a procedure could yield two classes of benefits: (a) students…

The document states that certain steps need to be taken immediately for rectifying and containing the injustices of testing. Until such time that the State can demonstrate unequivocally that their statewide testing and evaluation program is fair to all groups, and that every student has had an equal exposure to quality school environments before…

An attempt was made to determine differences in reading achievement gains and student attitudes towards school between groups of third grade children enrolled in either modified open or traditional classrooms in the same school. The Metropolitan Achievement Test in Reading was used for pre- and posttest comparisons of achievement, and a…

Chicano and Amerindian vocabulary scale responses from the Stanford-Binet (LM) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were item-analyzed for 1,009 subjects. The response patterns differed both by ethnic group and test, as well as by age. The most common, and recurring, pattern found was "level-of-difficulty" gradient…

In this paper, the author reviews a number of criticisms that have been made of the use of standardized tests in the social studies and reviews 11 general, skills, and discipline-oriented standardized tests for social studies. Standardized tests evaluating the results of the new social studies courses are open to criticism on the basis of…

Controversies centering around the accuracy of the estimates made of bilingual children's intellectual functioning and the effectiveness of prescriptive programs recommended for their subsequent development have resulted in the investigation and assessment of different instruments used for student placement in special education classes. The three…

Test publishers and the users of standardized IQ and summary-score achievement tests have failed to consider the problems associated with testing the minority child. Since the results of these tests are used to determine the education, economic, and social future of children, a harder look at the minority child's cultural background is essential.…

The two purposes of this issues paper are to provide a brief description of the educational programs the Toronto Board of Education offers for both the children and the adults of the entire multiethnic community and to set out the general, but critical, relationship of the school system with the city's ethnic communities. The paper outlines…

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the status of women in teaching and to examine the social attitudes that keep them out of administrative positions. Teaching is a 'female occupation', and the low status of teaching is inextricably linked to the sex-typing of occupations in general. However, even though the majority of all teachers are…

Twenty-eight mature women were recruited from the community and trained in a 21 category observation code of family interaction. Observers were assigned randomly to three experimental groups and given different expectancy rationales about the outcomes of the studies for which they would be collecting data. All groups were told they would be…

In response to a request from concerned Indian members of the community of Roseglen, North Dakota, an evaluation team visited White Shield School (an elementary/secondary school of 303 students, 50 percent Indian) on May 13-17, 1974 to survey: identification and classification of goals, objectives, and purposes; distinguishing between perceptions…

A special Training Institute on Problems of School Desegregation was held at the North Carolina Advancement School; the project was undertaken to determine the degree of attitude change related to group learning method, social attitude set, and characteristics of race, sex, and age among 72 teachers and counselors participating in an adult…

Now is the time for teachers to face honestly the basic problem within ghetto schools--that black parents, children, and leaders do not like or trust their schools or the white staffs of the schools because the schools have done nothing to deserve their trust. Reasons for the failure of the schools to adequately educate over 10% of graduating…