A study was conducted to identify and compare the prevalence of communication apprehension among foreign, black, and white students. Data from a survey of basic English and speech classes were used to locate 83 nonapprehensive and 64 apprehensive foreign, black, and white students, who were then identified as low communication apprehensive or high…

Information on causes and warning signs of child sexual abuse, examples of treatment, and prevention resources are presented in this guide which highlights cultural differences in American Indian communities that may influence the occurrence and prevention of child sexual abuse. The guide begins by stating that from the limited statistics…

This paper examines the ability and inclination of contemporary American family systems to allocate resources on a child-centered rather than an adult-centered basis. Specifically, the discussion considers whether the changing economic context of family life results in placing inappropriate demands for maturity upon children--albeit differently…

Blacks and Mexican Americans do not attain the levels of education enjoyed by whites. There are two possible explanations for these differences: (1) either the process of educational attainment varies across ethnic groups, or (2) if the process is invariant, whites start with social advantages not shared by blacks and Mexican Americans, and thus…

The system of education in the United States mirrors, creates, and legitimates inequalities of the larger society that supports it. Legally required schooling ranks, sorts, and prepares children for the "real world," and contributes to social maintenance rather than to social change by stressing the "correctness" of some…

An interaction exists among cognitive processes, basic learning skills, and the cultural and social contexts in which they develop. Primary socialization experiences, those that children are exposed to in their personal, immediate lives, form a fundamental basis for cognitive development. In secondary socialization settings children acquire…

AUDIOMETRIC AND VISUAL PROCEDURES WERE COMPARED ANALYTICALLY AND/OR DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH TEST METHODS FOR TRAINABLE MENTAL RETARDATES IN THE IQ RANGE OF 23-47 AND BELOW THE MENTAL AGE OF 4 YEARS. THE NUMBER OF SUBJECTS WAS 26 FOR THE AUDITORY PROGRAM AND 25 FOR THE VISUAL. EACH OF THE SUBJECTS WAS STUDIED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS. DATA WERE…

A research project combining ethnographic and experimental methods is currently underway to assess whether minority groups use language in ways that put their children at a disadvantage in school. The project, which focuses on social, cognitive, and educational consequences of different patterns of language function and use, has involved…

IT IS FELT SOCIAL WORK THEORY NEEDS CONCRETE AND SYSTEMATIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE "CUSTOMARY," PATTERNED WAYS OF HUMAN INTERACTION, AND PROFESSIONALS SHOULD RECOGNIZE THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL-CLASS TRADITIONS AND RELATED FACTORS ON BEHAVIOR. WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK, A DESCRIPTION OF A LOWER-CLASS URBAN COMMUNITY IS OFFERED AS A GUIDE. DISCUSSED ARE…

THIS REPORT PROVIDES AN EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL REVIEW OF HOW THE POOR DIFFER FROM THE REST OF SOCIETY, HOW THESE DIFFERENCES ARISE, AND HOW THEY ARE MAINTAINED. SINCE THE POOR DIFFER FROM THE REST OF THE WORKING CLASS ONLY IN LEVEL OF EDUCATION, OCCUPATION, AND INCOME, IT WOULD SEEM THAT THEIR DIFFERENCES ARE QUANTITATIVE RATHER THAN…

Extensive interviews of students were conducted by Commission staff from mid-1968 through early 1969 with the purpose of examining the attitudes and perceptions of students concerning the education they were receiving. Among the issues addressed by the students were the following: how the schools can respond constructively to the needs and…

The effect of social class on progress of the individual student through school is examined in this research report. Based upon data from a range of studies, this investigation assesses the magnitude of the effects of class origins, scholastic ability, and a select number of other variables on (1) curriculum location, (2) participation in…

This investigation studied children of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, and sexes, and attempted to identify the components by which they arrive at their self-evaluation. The study used a pre-tested 30 item self-esteem measure. The study also used a test anxiety scale, an achievement orientation scale, and an arbitration scale. The…

The Swedish address system is in a state of rapid change. Consequently, Swedes are now more than ever sensitive to the seeming lack of generally accepted rules of usage. This paper attempts to codify the rules for usage of the personal pronouns "du" and "ni." In so doing, it finds that "du" may be used to express…

Assuming that a period of racial disharmony is potentially indicative of increasing salience of racial categories for social life, the issue of whether a period of racial discord is indicative of (1) a point of rapid transition in an overall trend of decreasing salience of racial categories, or (2) preliminary evidence of a general trend of the…