This study tested how different implementations of explaining and drawing activities affect learning from a multimedia science lesson. After studying a multimedia slideshow about the human respiratory system, college students (n = 145) were assigned randomly to one of four learning activity conditions: write explanations before drawing pictures…

Learning by teaching can be effective, yet many students fail to engage in knowledge building, in which they actively generate inferences and connect the material to their existing knowledge. Recent research suggests creating drawings while orally explaining to others fosters knowledge building and long-term learning; however, the mechanisms…

Writing instruments, such as pens, are ubiquitous in the classroom, but their functionality is largely for one purpose: they are used to represent ideas and record information on paper. However, by replacing the conventional ink in a pen with easy-to-synthesize conducting polymer-based inks, it is possible to change a simple writing utensil into a…

Over the last twenty years, visual methods in childhood research have become more mainstream across social science research. Through this paradigm shift, children became active agents in the research process. Participant-produced drawings in particular allow a constructive process of thinking in action, rather than seeing drawings as simple…

This study examines how middle school students develop an increasingly coherent understanding of aquatic ecosystems. As part of a broader design research study that used Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) theory as an organizing conceptual representation, we created two instructional units that focused on pond and aquarium environments. We coded…

In sharing solutions of mathematical tasks, students may use various modes of representation such as: language (oral/written), numerical and symbolic, or drawings (pictures, diagrams or markings). In this paper we explore the potential of student drawings to provide evidence of mathematical fluency. Examples of young students' (5-8 years old)…

Self-cognition and self-acceptance are essential for mental health development and emotion in college students. The study investigated the efficacy of group drawing therapy in improving Chinese college students' positive self-cognition and self-acceptance. It is worth noting that Chinese college students in a collectivist culture have systematic…

The perceptions of students who study environmental science related to pollution are certainly different because they are influenced by various circumstances. These circumstances, among others, depend on what they observe around them and their prior knowledge. This study aimed to determine the concept of pollution according to the cognitive…

Contribution: This research provides insights into the applications of virtual reality (VR) in learning spatial reasoning, which could be utilized and developed in educational frameworks and settings, especially in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM), and other aspects. Background: Spatial reasoning and VR are essential…

Visual Reproduction is a condition to measure Visual Spatial Memory as one of the cognitive domains commonly used to measure visuo-spatial memory. Geometric figures serve as stimulus material, and probands have to reproduce the figures from memory through a hand drawing. The scoring of the drawing has subjective elements. This study aims to…

In this article we examine the book "El estudio de la naturaleza en la escuela" by the Danish pedagogue Vilhelm Rasmussen (1869-1939), published by Editorial Labor in Barcelona in 1933, and its influence on the pedagogical standpoint of Margarita Comas Camps (1892-1972). Comas, who translated the book into Spanish, was a member of the…

The paper investigates the potential of utilizing artistic creation as an alternative task for assessing students in a non-artistic course within higher education. Eighteen postgraduate students of the Department of Pedagogy and Primary Education of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, after attending a six-hour course in…

The aim of this study is to determine the 4th-grade students' images of the scientists and the relations between these images and the images of scientists that primary school teachers describe in their classes and the images presented in the 4th-grade textbooks. The sample of the study consisted of 244 4th-grade students, 10 teachers, and 4th…

This study examined the role of student generated drawings to offload cognitive demands of a mathematical problem. We used Unit Transformation Graphs to compare students' thought processes when they had to solve the problem mentally, and when they were allowed to use pen and paper. The results indicated that the possibility to rely on drawings…

This publication presents the qualitative findings from a mixed-method pilot study on three- and four-drawing protocols for chronic pain, which have demonstrated significant positive quantitative results. For this report, thematic analysis and magnitude coding of drawing titles, narratives, and characteristics including resource representations…