Each of the hand-held calculator logic systems found on the market today is introduced, along with some of the advantages and disadvantages of each. The systems reviewed are: arithmetic logic, algebraic logic-no hierarchy, algebraic operating system, and reverse polish notation. (MP)

Methods of instructing students in problem solving are suggested that get pupils to view mathematics as a tool. The author states students should look beyond the numerical answer to the other components and highlights areas of the mathematics curriculum that afford an opportunity to explore these many facets. (MP)

Four teaching ideas are discussed: a "giant" math problem designed to motivate students to use library sources, calculators, computers, and textbooks; a different way of finding fractional equivalents; a task-card project designed to encourage mathematics students to use libraries; and journal writing in a mathematics class. (MP)

A brief outline of instruction for one unit of informal geometry is covered. The problem solving unit described involves work with picture frames and includes many mathematical concepts. (MP)

Aspects of the instruction of trigonometry in secondary school mathematics are reviewed. Portions of this document cover basic introductions, a student-developed theorem, the cosine rule, inverse functions, and a sample outdoor activity. (MP)

Described is a Kernel Design, used in the multiunit Discovery School in Mansfield, Ohio, to improve a general weakness in the areas of measurement and the use of monetary skills. Kernel Design is so named because it conveys the gist or core of an idea. (Author/TG)

Student weaknesses on problem-solving portions of the NAEP mathematics assessment are discussed using Polya's heuristics as a framework. Recommendations for classroom instruction are discussed. (MP) Aspect of National Assessment (NAEP) dealt with in this document: Results (Interpretation).

In the twentieth century, educational philosophy has turned from grand system building toward approaches which consider the process of education itself to be the source of issues requiring a philosophical, value-oriented resolution. Philosophical inquiry has extended to social, psychological, and human issues. (Editor/SJL)

Stating that the greatest potential impact of computer use in extension is not in providing information but in teaching how to analyze problems, the author discusses use of the computer as an educational method and offers some considerations to keep in mind when designing computerized learning packages. (MF)

A model of competition probabilities using past performances of competitors against common opponents is constructed. Application to predicting victories in athletic competitions is also reviewed. (MP)

The use of silent instruction as a tool to present mathematics to young elementary school students is reviewed. (MP)

The most outstanding characteristic of the American College Health Association is its propensity for a ceaseless and continuing altercation. This paper stresses the importance of teamwork within the medical profession. (JN)

The effectiveness of a procedure for identifying certain cognitive processes used during problem solving is explored. The procedure was used to: categorize types of conceptual thinking problem solvers employ; study the use of trial-and-error behavior; and investigate abilities to coordinate multiple bits of information. (Author/GK)

Children's cognitive and social development is facilitated by family problem-solving training, a behavioral family intervention designed to encourage a democratic atmosphere. It can be suited to the needs of individual families. A training package designed for an outpatient clinic setting that served one-parent families is described. (Author)

There is a need to provide business education students with decision-making and problem-solving skills, knowledge of economics, understanding of the individual's role in the workplace, human relations skills, and understanding of the computer's role in our lives. (CT)