Presents concluding remarks to a symposium, "The Social Organization of Knowledge and Practice." Focuses on high aptitude of persons in everyday situations to solve problems and make decisions. Addresses three questions: (1) What happens when a problem-solver reaches a situation involving calculation? (2) How does learning transfer take place? and…

This study investigates whether groups of children on a microcomputer task show superior performance to individuals and whether the differences are due to social-cooperative or individual-cognitive facilitation. Considers the relationship between expressed knowledge and problem-solving performance across three conditions. (Author/CT)

Comparison of medical students' performance on the National Board of Medical Examiners test, Part I, indicates that the replacement of scheduled instructional time (i.e., lecture-based instruction) with a guided problem-solving program was not detrimental to test scores. (MSE)

Observes 75 first- and third-grade children in their classroom mathematics seatwork to test assumptions drawn from Vygotsky's theory about the development of private speech and its relationship to task performance, attention, and motor behaviors accompanying task orientation. (HOD)

Describes a computer program, Residue Management, which is designed to supplement discussions on the Universal Soil Loss Equation and the impact of tillage on soil properties for introductory soil courses. The program advances the user through three stages of residue management. Information on obtaining the program is also included. (ML)

Describes the organization of a crop production systems course for undergraduates in agriculture. Emphasis is placed on problem solving and student interaction and co-operation while working on grain farms and in the classroom. Samples of student evaluations of the course are included. (ML)

Discusses use of mathematics problem cards written in foreign languages. Indicates that contextual cues from mathematics problems provide helps to translation. Gives example problems in French, Norwegian, and Japanese. (JM)

The basic sciences essential to clinical dental practice should be reviewed and restructured, taught in the predoctoral curriculum, clearly specified to students before they begin study, and integrated into practice in hospital clinics with the help of competent, experienced faculty. (MSE)

Describes various resources for teaching problem-solving. They include: (1) several books with a problem-solving emphasis; (2) a workshop focusing on the attitudinal components of thinking and problem-solving; and (3) a summary of a study dealing with problem-solving in the context of high school physics. (JN)

Different uses of numbers in natural language and mathematics is argued to have consequences for children's learning of numbers and for primary-grade textbooks. A study using particular properties of Hebrew indicates a crossing of the two language systems in children's reading of an arithmetic textbook. (MNS)

A monitoring interpretation of the transfer of complete learning skills was discussed. Individual and group monitoring in the learning session were promoted through required vocalization of reasoning and working with a partner, respectively. (Author/LMO)

Four experiments are presented to support the theory that the rule system governing the law of large numbers is not tied to a content domain, and that it can be improved by formal teaching techniques. The experiments showed that statistical training enhanced everyday reasoning. Test problems and objective example problems are appended. (LMO)

Presented are geometry activities which require only colored construction paper cut into simple shapes, paste or glue, and large sheets of newsprint or art paper on which to paste designs. The activities, which may be done alone or in groups, are varied in content and difficulty. (JN)

This theoretical analysis articulates verbal rule properties and use implications, describes an empirical study examining characteristics of problem solving performance when verbal rules are instructed as a problem solving method, and discusses role of verbal rules in problem solving and implications for learning procedural skills. (MBR)

Discusses the work of the bibliotherapeutic technique to treat physically and sexually abused children. The client's psychological stages in the process of bibliotherapy are summarized. Criteria are presented for selecting books and 10 appropriate books are synopsized. Limitations of the technique are discussed. (CB)