In this study examining infants' responses to optical expansion, 18 infants between 36 and 61 days old watched expanding shadows that differed in the terminal location of the center of expansion and the number of dimensions undergoing change. Babies consistently rotated their heads upward during expansion of a closed figure when the center of…

VISUAL TRAINING IS DEFINED AS THE FIELD OF OCULAR REEDUCATION AND REHABILITATION OF THE VARIOUS VISUAL SKILLS THAT ARE OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE TO SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT, AUTOMOBILE DRIVING, OUTDOOR SPORTS ACTIVITIES, AND OCCUPATIONAL PURSUITS. A HISTORY OF ORTHOPTICS, THE SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE ENTIRE FIELD OF OCULAR REEDUCATION, IS GIVEN. READING AS…

It has been suggested that drawings are symbolic constructions which follow certain rules. In order to investigate one aspect of representational rule use in drawing, (an object's orientation), 36 kindergarten, second, and fourth grade children were asked to draw familiar objects placed in several orientations or an orientation of their choice.…

Evidence presented by psychologists has indicated that perceptual development results in part from learned experience and may be modified to varying deqrees by social pressure. Since vision is a primary source of perceptual information for art education, this study sought to determine the effects of prophecy, or expectation, on perceptual response…

Naval researchers studied the effects of delay in the presentatio of visual information on pilot performance. Simulated carrier landing tasks were performed by subjects using a visual display generated by a computer. In one part of the experiment pilots were asked to "fly" carrier approaches with and without a 0.1 second delay in the…

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the extent to which infants of different ages respond to facelike drawings on the basis of stimulus complexity and/or resemblance to the human face. Infants' responses to stimulus patterns were assessed using the corneal reflection technique developed by Robert Trantz. In the first two experiments,…

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the units of word perception used by adults and children reading on different levels of reading maturity. The purpose of the investigations was to determine whether whole words, single letters, or spelling patterns operate in the recognition of isolated words. Both experiments used a same-different…

The report presents both a way of looking at perceptual mechanisms in nervous systems in terms of distributed information processing, and a way of creating computer models of parts of nervous systems. The first notion views a nervous system as a collection of interacting parallel-operating computation units, each of which has some part of the…

An explanation of visual perception is presented using physiological facts, analogies to digital computers, and analogies to the structure of written languages. According to the explanation, visual input is discontinuous, with the discontinuities mediated by and correlated with the jumps of the eye. This is analogous to the gated and buffer-stored…

This paper describes the physiological "eye noise" effect of line contrast in maps and considers the effect of line contrast on the direct picture of terrain surface as produced by shaded relief. An attempt is made to describe map reading in its two major steps: 1) the enrichment of the brain image resulting from scanning the map sheet,…

Definitions and specific breakdowns of four (auditory reception, visual sequential memory, verbal expression, and auditory closure) of the 12 language areas of the new Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) are presented. Auditory reception is defined as the ability to understand the meaning of materials or stimuli that are heard and…

Ten test films were developed to measure aspects of children's visual perception which are difficult to assess through conventional paper and pencil tests. The film medium was selected because it allows the presentation of temporal, as well as spacial, aspects of the stimuli. Four areas of perceptual performance covered in the films are: (1)…

The report summarizes the aims of a 3-year program of work concerned with psychological factors in solar observing. Part I identifies several psychological factors which may affect solar observing and outlines a program of research. Part II is a report of a program of studies dealing with the application of visual perceptions in solar flare…

EFFECTS OF TONAL MEMORY OF TWO KINDS OF FACTORS WERE STUDIED. THE FACTORS WERE (1) THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STIMULI PRESENTED TO THE SUBJECT IN A PITCH IDENTIFICATION TASK, AND (2) THOSE EFFECTING THE RESPONSE THAT THE SUBJECT MAKES IN SUCH A TASK. FIVE HYPOTHESES WERE ADVANCED FOR STUDY. THE UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION WAS THAT THERE ARE IMPORTANT…

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the relation between pattern goodness and accuracy of reproduction in backward masking. It may be hypothesized that good patterns, being easier to encode as wholes, will be reproduced more easily than poorer patterns. Four experiments were performed. (Author)