This paper focuses on the identification of some conceptual factors underlying the initial learning of algebra. It describes a study which uncovered three predominant notions existing in a sample of ten 12- and 13-year olds prior to formal instruction in algebra, and the ways in which a particular approach to the teaching of algebra affected both…

Investigated empirically through post mortem item-examinee sampling was the feasibility of the jackknife as a procedure for approximating standard errors of estimate in multiple matrix sampling. The parameters estimated were the mean test score, second through fourth central moments of the test score distribution, and the variance of the item…

The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate empirically the effect of multiple hypothesis testing on error rates in factorial ANOVA designs under a variety of controlled conditions. The per comparison, per experiment, and experimentwise error rates were investigated for three hypothesis testing procedures. The specific conditions…

When Torgerson's multidimensional scaling model is used in conjunction with the method of tetrads, derived coordinates are based on data which is assumed to be distributed normally. The object of this study was to determine the amount of error contained in derived coordinates when the normality assumption is violated. Torgerson coordinates were…

Selected parameters for a negatively-skewed and a normally distributed normative distribution were estimated in a post-mortem item-examinee sampling investigation. Manipulated systematically were number of subtests, number of items per subtest, and number of examinees responding to each subtest. Each item-examinee sampling procedure was replicated…

The analysis of covariance is frequently used in observational studies to either adjust treatment comparisons for biases due to different distributions of extraneous variables or for improving the precison of the treatment comparisons. This paper discusses aspects that the researcher should keep in mind when planning such a study. In particular it…

Monitoring on some school-related tasks (editing, writing, spelling, and synonymy) was studied in learning disabled and normal adolescents. (Author)

The purpose of this article is to point out some of the problems that arise in the use of calculators to illustrate derivatives, due to rounding or truncation, by the calculator. Several illustrations of numerical differentiation techniques are also given. (Author/MP)

Examines fourth grade children's memory for information contained in target sentences presented 24 hours earlier. Examines the occurrence of interference by presenting multiple choice response options consisting of a correct word, a new word, and a word which occurred in a previous sentence. Attempts to extend the principles of frequency theory.…

As children progress, they want their responses to make sense and they learn to use strategies based on meaning and language. (JM)

The pronunciation of stop consonants in consonant-vowel-consonant words by 45 preschool children (15 with speech disorders) was evaluated. In the speech-disordered group, errors in initial position differed from those in final position. Voicing errors occurred most frequently in initial position, and glottal stop realizations in final position.…

Catalogs a variety of common grammatical errors that have entered the English language and become entrenched during this past generation, primarily through the fault of the mass media. (NKA)

The study investigated types of errors made by learning disabled children by analyzing written responses to multiplication and division problems. Error classifications are discussed, and possible causes are suggested. The importance of thorough investigation of errors by teachers is stressed. (Author/DB)

The ability of 22 phonologically disordered and normally speaking children's ability to process (phonologically, syntactically, and semantically) spoken language was evaluated. No differences between groups was found in number of errors, pattern of errors, or reaction times when monitoring sentences for target words, irrespective of sentence type.…

Analyzes generalization failures. A format is provided for categorizing errors and linking them to stimulus characteristics present during training. Stimulus control serves as the pivotal concept that directs this error analysis, and provides the bridge between infrahuman research on generalization and the broader applied issue of obtaining…