Fluid intelligence (Gf) is a general relation-perceiving capacity determined by each person's cortical, neurological connection count development. Its processes are involved in reasoning, concept formation and problem-solving, where acculturation has little effect. Crystallized intelligence (Gc) manifests knowledge and general comprehension,…

This paper describing a newly created instructional approach developed at Oregon State University focuses on discussions of the process, a guided design decision-making strategy used by a team of instructors to design and develop the product, i.e., the feedback lecture approach, which is examined both in its developmental stage and in its measured…

The twenty-two essays on problem solving included in this publication give ideas and examples for use in the classroom at all levels of instruction. Topics discussed in the essays include but are not limited to: problem posing, clues from research, story problems, calculators, textbook problems, and measuring problem solving. Polya's heuristics as…

A RELIABLE NORMATIVE TEST COVERING A SAMPLE OF TEACHING SKILLS IN READING INSTRUCTION FOR GRADES 2-5 WAS CONSTRUCTED AND VALIDATED. THE HYPOTHESIS WAS MADE THAT TEACHERS BECOME MORE SKILLFUL IN SOLVING TEACHING PROBLEMS AS THEY GAIN EXPERIENCE. IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT A VALID TEST OF TEACHER SKILLS IN READING SHOULD THEREFORE REFLECT THIS PROCESS.…

THIS PROJECT ATTEMPTED TO DETERMINE IF NUMERICAL SCORING SYSTEMS FOR CLINICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING TESTS COULD BE DEVELOPED WHICH WOULD MEASURE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS IN TEACHING CLINICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS. THE PROJECT WAS TO VALIDATE AND CROSS-VALIDATE THE SCORING SYSTEMS BY TESTS OF POPULATION SAMPLES OF KNOWN…

DISCUSSED ARE SELECTED FACTORS RELATED TO IMPROVING SCIENCE TESTS. SECTION 1 DEALS WITH (1) THE ROLE OF OBJECTIVES IN SCIENCE TEACHING AND TESTING, (2) THE ROLE OF TESTS AND TESTING, (3) FORMS AND KINDS OF TESTS, AND (4) GUIDEPOSTS FOR PREPARING TESTS. SECTION 2 DISCUSSES METHODS OF TESTING FOR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AT VARIOUS GRADE LEVELS. INCLUDED…

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO TEST THE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIED CONDITIONS OF TELEVISION PRESENTATION AND OF CLASSROOM ACTIVITY UPON THE ACQUISITION OF MEANINGFUL CONCEPTS AND GENERALIZATIONS OF CERTAIN NATURAL SCIENCE PHENOMENA. THE SUBJECTS CONSISTED OF 36 FIFTH-GRADE CLASSES (APPROXIMATELY 1,000 CHILDREN) SELECTED FROM 90 CLASSES WHICH HAD…

A mathematics unit for sixth-grade classes was developed in which each of eight activities contains a challenge conveyed in the form of a story. Each activity requires students to manipulate concrete materials such as ceramic tiles, marked string, wooden cubes, and square paper. The mathematical content consists of concepts such as area,…

This report is concerned with the observation that many teenagers and adults are unable to apply arithmetic even when they know how to perform the operations. It is speculated that this is probably due to not having been taught when to use the fundamental operations. Examples of types of "real" problems which require the various…

Goal-setting has been accepted as an effective motivational tool. Whether goals should be participatively set or assigned was examined by holding goal difficulty constant in an investigation based on previous results which suggested that participants in goal-setting set more difficult goals than those for whom goals are assigned. Results suggest…

In order to explore relationships among social cognitive ability, peer status and interpersonal behavior, the frequency of 11 different social actions was recorded with the target child being the agent of the recipient of the behavior. Twenty-three children from 3 to 8 years of age enrolled in an 8-week university summer school program were…

The process of change and development of the mathematics curriculum in the United States is reviewed. Fundamental changes of implemented curricula from 1960-1980 are discussed in the light of the considerable efforts at reform during the 1950's and 1960's. Elements of the educational system are mapped out, and reasons for the lack of effective…

This paper presents the rudiments of a constructivist conceptual framework which school psychologists can use to help parents develop positive parenting concepts. Problems arise if school psychologists rely solely on a mechanistic paradigm when they identify causes of unwanted behaviors and suggest specific remedial strategies. Operating within a…

Psychodrama is the acting out of difficult situations one has experienced. It gives the actors and spectators the chance to try out alternative solutions to problem situations. When these problems are acted out, the actors become better acquainted with themselves and their peers. This awareness becomes a dominant determinant of future behavior.…

Recently, investigators in behavior and community disciplines have advocated the adoption of positive prevention approaches for life transition problem-solving. Techniques in physiological, cognitive, and behavioral modalities were incorporated into a broad-based intervention program focusing on the acquisition of coping responses to handle life…