Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) may yield different solutions under permutations of the input order of the data. This instability is caused by ties, either in the initial proximity matrix or arising during agglomeration. The authors recommend to repeat the analysis on a large number of random permutations of the rows and columns…

This study examined the relationship between witness age, narrative features in testimony, and the perceived credibility of witnesses. Ninety older and young adult witnesses to a staged theft were videotaped as they freely recalled crime events. Later, participant-jurors viewed the videos and assessed the witnesses' credibility. Operational…

Five experiments were conducted to explore trial order and retention interval effects upon causal predictive judgments. Experiment 1 found that participants show a strong effect of trial order when a stimulus was sequentially paired with two different outcomes compared to a condition where both outcomes were presented intermixed. Experiment 2…

Cognitive psychologists believe that knowledge is multifaceted and that people process more than just semantic content from a stimulus array. To investigate the implications of recall and impression formation processing objectives on the representation of serial order in memory and judgment, subjects participated in two recall and impression…

Endpoint and distance effects have been observed in the protocols of subjects learning linear orderings. These were produced by subjects learning the frequency of word occurrence as the greater member of a relationship. Error patterns were similar on all trials. (CHK)

The ability to recognize, extend, and relate patterns and sequences to numeric, figural, and word representations plays a prominent role in science education. This study provided validation information for an instrument to assess childrens' ability to recognize and extend patterns and sequence in different representational forms. A 57-item…

Kindergarten and first-grade children participated in a study of the role of reciprocal and inversion reversibility in language acquisition and cognitive development. Subjects completed cognitive tasks assessing conservation, seriation, and class inclusion, and language tasks assessing the active-passive transformation and the negative…

Matrix tasks to assess multiple classifications and multiple seriation skills were administered to 160 children (40 Ss each from preschool, kindergarten, first and second grade levels). Each child received six matrix subtasks (reproduction and transportation of cross classification I, double seriation, and cross classification II) in one of six…

Thirty-three deaf college students were tested on ability to read fingerspelled words and letters and computerspelled words and letters, 19 hearing students were tested on the latter task alone, and 12 Ss highly experienced in fingerspelling were tested on the former task alone. On the word task Ss were scored on percent of words correct, with…

Replicates Inhelder's studies of memory and intelligence, and summarizes the literature which relates directly to the Inhelder studies. (SB)

Appraises current explanations of how visual processing occurs. Highlights the basics of simultaneous and serial levels of processing. Discusses the results of a series of experiments on visual-search tasks and also on the role of prior knowledge in processing. (ML)

Free recall showed a drop in primacy with practice whereas reconstruction did not, which suggests that temporal tags per se may be relatively unimportant as retrieval cues for the recall of early list members. (Authors)

Results suggest that cultural disadvantage may act to deter growth in both perceptual and language spheres and that perceptual measures may be somewhat less resistant to cultural influence than are language measures. (Authors/MB)

Results showed that naming latency, for both letters and words, is sensitive to the number of items in the preceding list and also to the serial location of the probe item in the list. (Author)

Results indicate that Ss expectancy for a given test stimulus probability, has its effect on the encoding or decision stage of the memory-scanning process. (Authors)