It is important for teachers of mathematics to know how pupils react to certain mathematical situations and what these reactions imply, in order to design more effective instructional environments based on their learning needs. This study reports the development processes of a digital learning tool (Learning Tool for Elementary School Teachers…

In this paper, we examine how students discuss and interpret data and whether these actions vary depending on the type of data they analyse. More specifically, we are interested in whether students perform differently when analysing first-hand data, which they collect themselves, compared with second-hand data provided to them. Our data analysis…

A continuum of "Protocols" has been derived. By way of definition three elements of what might be called an "instructional performance library" are 1) a collection of "protocol materials" (audiovisual renderings of behavior that is engaged in by instructional personnel); 2) a catalog of "protocols" (ways to use the materials); and 3) a…

A rationale and illustration of the use of original records or protocol materials in an evaluation research report are described. Records of school observations and audiotape transcripts were selected to represent the concepts or categories which were developed in the process of evaluation. These qualitative data were collected in a project which…

This study addresses preservice teachers' perceptions toward online experiences, specifically, their perceptions about utilizing an online science methods curriculum versus a traditional methods curriculum. Thirty-eight senior level preservice teachers at a midwestern U.S. university completed surveys about their experiences during their methods…

Within the past few years, there have been numerous studies that suggest that preservice teachers need and want opportunities to observe, visit, interact, and collaboratively reflect with teachers who are attempting to implement reform-based teaching strategies. Unfortunately, for many schools of education, it is logistically difficult to locate a…

This study guide for use with a 16 mm. film series on the nature of kindergarten children is designed for use in "early childhood" and teacher preparation programs. For each of the seven 4- to 9-minute films in "The Kindergarten Child, Part I," the study guide provides a statement of the key concept around which the film is developed, a 1- or…

Protocol materials, as defined in this catalog, are instructional materials that reproduce the behaviors of pupils and others in a variety of settings for the purpose of study and analysis. Once the basic behavioral concepts are understood, they can be applied to other segments of behavior. The first section of this catalog lists 129 films in…

Researchers argue that teachers' beliefs are the final barrier that prevents technology integration. To affect change in teacher candidates' beliefs of technology integration, we created a pedagogical laboratory as well as a field experience program that operates within the pedagogical laboratory. This article presents a qualitative study of…