Discussion of expert and novice performance and the organization of knowledge focuses on a study that investigated the influence of mental models on performance differences between expert and novice service technicians who troubleshoot faculty generator sets. Behavioral and cognitive methods of analysis are described, and implications for…

Cites a need for problem-solving approaches and applications in counseling and outlines current problem-solving training programs and counseling interventions. Proposes a psychoeducational problem-solving workshop for total family participation which is based on D'Zurilla and Goldfried's model. Includes didactic presentations, role modeling, group…

Instructors who have used the Guided Design approach that focuses on problem-solving and decision-making skills in third- and fourth-year core and elective pharmacy courses suggest that successful use of the method is linked to student attitudes, facilities, instructor energy and motivation, and grading considerations. (Author/MSE)

Describes ways of finding the answer to a problem for the possible sum of the three-digit numbers without using the same number repeatedly. Describes the classroom applications of the problem. Provides a computer program to obtain the solutions of the problem. (YP)

Compares two approaches to the teaching of mathematics, rote versus reasoning. Discusses the way to teach mathematics as reasoning in elementary classroom as stated in the NCTM Standards. (YP)

Discusses the geometrical array of the keys on a calculator that can be turned into a problem-solving, problem-posing situation for the upper elementary or middle school classroom. Provides figures showing the arrays, including rows, diagonals, crosses, rhombi, angles, and squares. Lists seven references. (YP)

Prescriptions for improving student understanding and problem-solving performance related to transmission genetics are discussed. Research on novice/expert problem-solving in transmission genetics is reviewed. (Author/CW)

A four-prong instructional model for intellectual-skills development is described. The four prongs are: familiarization, intra-group problem solving, inter-group problem solving, and individual problem solving. A psychological model of what is to be taught, the triarchic theory of human intelligence, provides the underpinning of the instructional…

The efficacy of task-related and interpersonal problem-solving training for enhancing junior high-school performance was examined with 48 difficult-to-teach, low-income, minority sixth-grade students. Half were randomly assigned to an intervention, the other half being used for control. Training was found to significantly improve grades and reduce…

The study examined student records to evaluate the mathematical performance of 220 children from 8 through 17 years of age diagnosed as having learning disabilities. Developmental patterns were identified and implications for instruction including specially designed instruction stressing problem solving were drawn. (Author/DB)

The study with 23 severely hearing impaired adolescents found that subjects using cued speech performed highest on Piagetian conservation problems, the oral-aural group performed better on linguistically-sensitive metaphor problems. Differences were not, however, statistically significant. (Author/DB)

Suggested that strategy choices for solving addition problems were related to numerical and spatial ability domains, while the speed of executing the component process of fact retrieval was related to arithmetic ability only. Findings supported the convergent validity of the strategy choice model and its discriminant validity. (RH)

Investigates how primary-level pupils can solve word problems more effectively using computational skills in small, cooperative groups. Points out six principles for successful cooperative groups through problem solving protocol analysis: (1) teach strategies; (2) rehearse techniques; (3) involve everyone; (4) cooperate to solve problems; (5) keep…

Provides examples of such statistical graphs as line, bar, picture and pie. Suggests uses of Logo Turtle Graphics in graph construction. Includes several program procedures for creating designs with the computer. (RT)

Analyzes fifth graders' approaches for solving the problem of the distance to the horizon. Describes determining the area bounded by the horizon. (YP)