This report examines the results of a study designed to compare various aspects of sex role development among upper middle, middle, and lower class white and Spanish language heritage children in three different preschool daycare centers. The 168 children studied ranged in age from 30 months to six-and-a-half years. Measuring instruments were…

This paper examines concepts of educational quality in various societies at different times throughout history. It also identifies major opposing themes which influence educational objectives, including eloquence versus efficiency, prejudice and discrimination versus social equality and educational opportunity, and conflict versus consensus. The…

The central thesis of the paper is that students in American schools come from diverse cultures and backgrounds and that appropriate instructional strategies, teaching styles, administrative behaviors and overall school climate must reflect a sensitivity to those realities. The first part of the paper examines the historical, philosophical and…

MEANS OF EDUCATING CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN WERE EXAMINED. THE RESEARCH, EXPERIMENTATION, AND ADAPTATION WERE GUIDED BY SIX BASIC PROPOSITIONS. THEY WERE--THAT ABILITIES AND SKILLS WERE SOCIALLY DETERMINED, THAT THERE WAS A WIDE AND DEEP SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL GAP BETWEEN THE "ADVANTAGED" AND THE "DISADVANTAGED"…

THIS PROJECT REPORT PRESENTS A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LOW ATTAINMENT IN FORMAL SCHOOLING OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICANS. THE DATA WERE TAKEN FROM THE 1950 AND 1960 CENSUS REPORTS AND THE "STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF THE UNITED STATES." COMPARISONS WERE MADE AMONG THE ANGLO, SPANISH SURNAME, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, ON THE FOLLOWING…

A minority group is a social category involving a clearly differentiated subpopulation within a larger collectivity on the basis of some common set of characteristics which are negatively evaluated by the dominant members of the collectivity. The following characteristics are attributed to negative evaluation: (1) members experience pejorative…

This report offers the results of an effort to trace a value profile of school superintendents, who are distinguished both by a high level of professional education and by a need to relate effectively with those who have a lower level of education. The intent was to examine the growing polarity between a highly educated liberal…

This article discusses inequalities in the distribution of educational resources, with emphasis placed on inequalities within school districts. In the first section, racially-based inequalities within school districts are traced from the post Civil War period to the 1960s. Examples of unequal expenditures for black students given in this section…

This paper applies a developmental perspective to locus of control studies. Contingency awareness established during infancy and early childhood is viewed as the basis for the development of locus of control expectancies. Expectancies of contingent reinforcement involve a cognitive component and can be viewed in Piagetian terms as the development…

This study examines the relationship between mother-infant behavior and the infant's performance on perceptual-cognitive tasks as a function of the infant's sex. A total of 189 12-week-old infants and their mothers were observed in their homes during 2 hours of infant awake time. In addition, the Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales…

This paper presents a Marxist reply to a philosophical discourse on the role of the "progressive" teacher in the education of children. The position under attack is that teachers themselves, no matter how progressive, are a part of the social hierarchy and impose middle class values on children, thus perpetuating the system. They are, in…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether characteristics, attitudes, and self-ratings of males and females as distinct categories showed greater differences than those of two other distinct categories--blacks and whites. A representative national sample of college freshmen with career aspirations in three different areas was divided into…

Social-distance attitudes of preservice teachers from middle and lower social classes toward minority and national groups are examined. Social distance, the aloofness and unapproachability of persons of different social strata, is both a symbol of class standing and a means of maintaining the existing distinctions in rank. The Bogardus Social…

This study sought to test several hypotheses about race and social-class differences in beliefs, values, and social norms related to jobs and job-seeking behavior. A two to four hour interview was conducted by specially trained black and white male interviewers, who interviewed working-class and unemployed men of their own race. All subjects were…

A locus of control measure was administered to 431 lower and middle class children in grades one, two, four and six. Subjects did not differ significantly from each other on locus of control in grades one and two, but by fourth and sixth grades the differences had reached significance. Correlations between locus of control and achievement were…