This Technical Paper focuses on principles for teaching problem solving. Part 1 addresses the need to teach problem solving. Part 2 defines problem solving skills, and describes: general problem solving models of the 1960s and 1970s, current problem solving models, declarative knowledge, mental models, expert versus novice knowledge, procedural…

The performance of a group of grade 9 mathematics students trained to use a self-explanation procedure during study was compared with that of students who used their typical study procedures. The processing activities used by the students during the study session and those used in a subsequent problem-solving test were observed. The focus of…

Multiple-choice tests such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) provide useful instruments to probe the distribution of student difficulties on a large scale. However, traditional analysis often relies solely on scores (number of students giving the correct answer). This ignores what can be significant and important information: the distribution…

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis between full term typical infants and those born micropremature in the developmental construct of mastery motivation. The sample consisted of 10 micropremature infants with developmental levels within the normal limits and 10 full term 9- to 12-month-olds (adjusted for prematurity) matched…

The high expectations for scientific literacy for all students demands a certain quality of science education in lower secondary education. This program focuses on supporting teachers in implementing this new curriculum. There are three interconnecting components of the program: (1) curriculum resources; (2) professional development; and (3)…

In their work in science and mathematics education, the authors have observed that students intuitively react in similar ways to a wide variety of scientific tasks. These tasks differ with regard to their content area and/or to the reasoning required for their solution, but share some common, external features. We have identified three types of…

This research study was conducted to examine particular metacognitive monitoring and regulatory skills in the context of solving science problems in a computer-based learning environment. An effort was also made to extend the work of H. Swanson (1990) using a different measure for metacognition and multiple measures of ability, achievement, and…

Reading in the content areas is a basic in the curriculum. The ability to read well involves a plethora of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Measurement of instruction involves the use of highly specific objectives in reading instruction. With a measurement philosophy of instruction, the following are important to consider: whatever exists, exists…

The materials and ideas in this document are intended to be used by teachers in schools in order to bring adults and children together to experience good mathematics. It features an evening of hands-on mathematics scheduled for one night a week for four weeks. Students and adults come together to share mathematics activities, solve problems, and…

The materials and ideas in this document are intended to be used by teachers in schools in order to bring adults and children together to experience good mathematics. It features an evening of hands-on mathematics scheduled for one night a week for four weeks. Students and adults come together to share mathematics activities, solve problems, and…

This report analyzes the discursive interactions of four students to understand what heuristic methods they develop as well as how and why they build isomorphisms to resolve a combinatorial problem set in a non-Euclidian context. The findings suggest that results of their heuristic actions lead them to build isomorphisms that in turn allow them to…

To examine how conceptual knowledge about fraction magnitudes changes as students' learning progresses, 5th and 7th-grade students were asked to solve fraction magnitude problems that entailed finding a fraction between two given fractions and then to evaluate solutions for similar problems that were modeled for them. When the given fractions…

The yearning for spirituality and social responsibility in HRD illuminates the need for reflective practice in professional education to be transformed by multiple sources of information and praxis questions. Theological reflection, a form of reflective practice, is contextualized by praxis questions, spirituality, and social analysis. An…

The purpose of this book is to teach the basic principles of problem solving in both mathematical and non-mathematical problems. The major components of the book consist of learning to translate verbal discussion into analytical data, learning problem solving methods for attacking collections of analytical questions or data, and building a…

How do more experienced school administrators think about and attend to problems in school administration? This paper presents findings of a study that compared how principals and aspiring principals cognitively processed and solved a problem scenario. A total of 30 practicing principals and 24 aspiring principals (referred to as the "novice…