The notion of an "innocent eye," a naive direct view of visual reality, has a long history in art education. Faults and difficulties of this direct view are discussed, and new frames of references that have been adopted are examined. (RM)

This study assessed the personal values of a group of 17 kindergarten-age children. Children participated in a classroom discussion of heroes and heroines, then drew a picture of their heroes or heroines. The researcher analyzed each child's artwork and determined the outstanding values represented by the hero or heroine. A parallel was drawn…

This study was done to see if sixth grade students could improve their drawing abilities by looking at lines more abstractly--by drawing a picture viewing the original upside down and comparing it to the same student's drawing done viewing the original right side up. Pairs of works were scored on the basis of line quality, proportion, and likeness…

Two groups of 15 boys (mean age 8 years, mean IQ 100), both presenting difficulties in academic achievement, but one with and one without visuomotor impairments, were assessed to determine whether poor drawing ability was related to perceptual or motor disorders. (Author)

It is felt that drawing progress is best achieved by art specialists working on repeated exposures rather than one-time lessons. This type of classroom research serves as a tool with which art educators can work with curriculum workers and administrators to improve art programs. (Author)

Results argue against the too frequent use of human figure drawings as a single, stable, and accurate measure of intellectual ability. (Authors/CB)

McFee's perception-delineation theory is supported. Major methodological problems of the psychological research presented are in the area of set and the control of specific art materials. Among the conclusions: figure drawing may not be culture fair; a person trained in visual arts should be employed in research using figure drawing tests. (VW)

In an effort to make freehand drawing instruction more easily transferred to architectural design, a series of exercises was developed based on touch, movement, and vision. The intent is for students to mimic and develop empathy with the items they are drawing. Examples and illustrations are provided. (MSE)

As a method of convincing students that they can draw, and as a way of building self-confidence through positive results, the gridded drawing, a logical step-by-step method of perceptual problem solving, is an effective tool. A method by which to teach the gridded drawing is presented. (Author/KC)

Noting that Asian children frequently develop artistic sensitivity and skill at a very young age, the author presents insights gained from a year's study of Japan's art education practices and of cultural attitudes which foster children's art in that nation. (SJL)