Phonological awareness (PA) is the ability to analyze spoken language into its component sounds and to manipulate these smaller units. Literature review related to PA shows that a variety of factor groups play a role in PA in Mandarin such as linguistic experience (spoken language, alphabetic literacy, and second language learning), item type,…

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a frequently used multivariate analysis technique in statistics. Jennrich and Sampson (1966) solved a significant EFA factor loading matrix rotation problem by deriving the direct Quartimin rotation. Jennrich was also the first to develop standard errors for rotated solutions, although these have still not made…

This study investigated the performance of native and non native speakers of Modern Greek language on morphology and syntax tasks. Non-native speakers of Greek whose native language was English, which is a language with strict word order and simple morphology, made more errors and answered more slowly than native speakers on morphology but not…

The present paper looks at the growing population of Russian heritage speakers from a linguistic and psycholinguistic perspective. The study attempts to clarify further the notion of heritage language by comparing the linguistic performance of heritage speakers with that of monolinguals and second language learners. The amount of exposure to…

Generalised access to the Internet and globalisation has led to increased demand for translation services and a resurgence in the use of machine translation (MT) systems. MT post-editing or the correction of MT output to an acceptable standard is known to be one of the ways to face the huge demand on multilingual communication. Given that the use…

Canonical analysis is frequently used in studies of relationships between sets of variables which are difficult to measure accurately, partly because of the true nature of the data and partly because of errors associated with the measurement instruments. Meredith's solution to the fallible data problem is examined. (Author/BJG)

This paper discusses and provides some preliminary data on errors in APL programming. Data were obtained by analyzing listings of 148 complete and partial APL sessions collected from student terminal rooms at the University of Alberta. Frequencies of errors for the various error messages are tabulated. The data, however, are limited because they…

The study compared five adult stutterers' and five adult nonstutterers' fluent speech patterns produced during one nonshadowed reading and two speech-shadowing conditions (immediate repetition of a heard message). Among results were that stutterers produced fewer speech production errors than nonstutterers during shadowing conditions. (Author/DB)

Error analysis is proposed as a means to supplement diagnostic techniques with exceptional children. A purpose and definition of error analysis are provided. Also, procedures to use error analysis are explained along with basic guidelines to prevent abuse of error analytic techniques. (Author/CL)

A method of constructing a check digit for nonconventional chemical codes is described. (5 references) (Author)

Analysis of results for 1960, 1965, and 1970, and more recent data presage a growing gap between the projected female labor force and its actual size. (Editor)

Copies of this paper, operations manuals and source listing can be obtained from the author at the University of New South Wales, Kensington 2033, Australia. (MB)

The study investigated the degree to which errors of scaling and selection depress the linear relationship and whether the reduction in the magnitude of r differs with the type of error. Results indicated that various scaling errors caused considerable discrepancy in the measurement of underlying relations, but the effect of non-normality was…