A way for students to refresh and use their knowledge in both mathematics and physics is presented. By the study of the properties of the "Runge-Lenz" vector the subjects of algebra, analytical geometry, calculus, classical mechanics, differential equations, matrices, quantum mechanics, trigonometry, and vector analysis can be reviewed. (KR)

Describes the methodology for teaching cognitive self-direction (CSD) to preservice teachers, presenting an overview of the CSD model. The CSD curriculum model includes productive strategies such as modeling plus self-verbalization (goal-setting, guiding, and reinforcing behaviors). Benefits to preservice teacher education include improved lesson…

The TRIFOCAL Model for curing underachievement syndrome is presented and is related to the Future Problem Solving (FPS) program, specifically the steps that involve changing expectations, role model identification, and changing reinforcements at school. A case study is presented of an underachieving sixth grade student who became actively engaged…

A two-year study of four effective secondary school principals suggests that a principal's actions can be represented by a value-based model (or Markov chain) in which beliefs and values lead to goals, activities, and outcomes. Findings show that no one value set brings about more effective leadership than another. (27 references) (MLH)

This comparison of the performance of 40 congenitally blind children (ages 9-19) with and without retrolental fibroplasia on cognitive and spatial tasks found no significant differences. Findings suggest that early environmental experiences are responsible for successful performance, and that mental and spatial problem solving may depend on…

This article reviews the research on components of problem solving including two mechanisms for fostering transfer of problem-solving strategies, low-road transfer and high-road transfer, and two types of content (domain specific and higher order thinking). Exploratory research on low-road transfer of higher-order thinking is summarized.…

The possibility is raised of teaching reasoning strategies to students with learning disabilities using a curriculum designed around reasoning by analogy. The research base for such instruction is summarized. These principles of critical thinking are illustrated through examples including reading the newspaper, counseling situations, and content…

The incarcerated must overcome prejudices against "others" to achieve self-actualization and social adjustment. A curriculum employing collaborative learning, problem solving, and material from literature and film teaches critical thinking for making healthy and successful decisions. (SK)

Presented are two teaching methods: an algorithm for determining area; and identifying cubic polynomials with three integral zeros, integral maximum and minimum points, and integral inflection points at the advanced placement calculus level. Examples for each are given. (CW)

Presented is the solution to a quadratic expression and a variety of comments regarding this situation and implications for problem-solving instruction. A strategy for approaching similar problem-solving situations is discussed. (CW)

A model is presented for item responses when different subjects use different strategies, but only responses--not choice of strategy--can be observed. Substantive theory is used to differentiate the likelihoods of response vectors under a fixed set of strategies, and response probabilities are modeled via item parameters for each strategy. (TJH)

Hypermedia for instructional purposes has the advantage that students may follow their own cognitive strategies and learn at their own pace, and the disadvantage that students may choose either a random or a logical path unless the author guides him. Overall, hypermedia offers a tool and process to facilitate learning not achievable with…

It is proposed that, contrary to existing views, medical expertise is not as much a matter of superior reasoning skills or in-depth knowledge of pathophysiological states as it is based on cognitive structures describing the features of prototypical or actual patients. Evidence supporting the theory is examined. (Author/MSE)

Existing in schools means actively doing and critically pursuing possibilities for teacher growth and achievement. Two vignettes focus on principals who fully exist in their schools. One principal created a circle of caring and cooperation by stressing positive language. The other shared his contagious school vision and sparked teacher thinking…

Gifted-, normal-, and math-disabled children solved addition problems. Their problem-solving strategies and solution times were recorded. The gifted group showed the most mature distribution of strategy choices, and a verbal counting rate less than 50 percent of the rate of the other groups. (BC)