Identifies and compares the patterns of communication of groups making risky and cautious decision shifts. Risky- and cautious-shift group discussions displayed nonrandom and statistically different distributional and sequential structures. Findings are discussed in terms of two explanations of the risky- shift phenomenon. (JMF)

Compared samples of residence hall personnel, faculty, and students on ratings of potential campus helpers on typical student problems. Analyses indicated that these three groups differentiate potential helpers in terms of problems presented. These groups have significantly different opinions as to appropriateness of various helpers for problems.…

Focuses on disorders of the human brain, their causes, and the relationship between environmental and genetic factors. (Author/SA)

This article gives examples of the way the Apple II microcomputer was used with a sixth-grade class in Kenosha, Wisconsin. (MK)

Models of conceptual and language development by Orwell, Piaget, Whorf and Sapir, Vygotsky, and Bruner are reviewed. Their implications for teaching and some individual problem-solving experiments are discussed. (CP)

Describes an intervention program at the Herbert H. Lehman High School in Bronx, New York. A conflicts class was introduced to reduce violence and tensions among students. Trust and openness increased, and fear of the loss of control was allayed through counseling, interpersonal relationships and activities, and video tape feedback. (BEF)

The program utilizes the gifted extension model, which is composed of four sections: (1) content, which is divided into the areas of knowledge, skills, and attitudes; (2) process, which consists of decision making, creativity, and cognition; (3) output, in which students learn problem solving skills; and (4) evaluation, in which the gifted student…

An experimental test of the self-paced interactive PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System (PLATO DCS) was conducted. PLATO DCS counseling resulted in greater improvement in clients than did counseling in controlled conditions. Subjects rated the PLATO DCS as interesting and not too impersonal. (Author)

The PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System teaches a generic method for solving life-choice problems and counsels persons regarding current psychological dilemmas. The solution components contain 69 representative life-choice problems and 400 specific and general solutions to assist users in solving psychological dilemmas. (Author)

Gotlib and Asarnow suggest that learned helplessness may not adequately model clinical depression. They reply to Rohsenow's criticism that Gotlib and Asarnow's conclusions are unwarranted because the null hypothesis is not demonstrated by a single study and because adequate diagnostic criteria are not presented. (Author/BEF)

Studies the possibility of developing systematic dilemma counseling into an autonomous mode. Experimental comparisons explore the pervasive situation in which a client successfully concludes a treatment program, only to find some subsequent problem developing in postcounseling life. (Author)

A new test developed by the University of Mississippi School of Dentistry that included videotape, visual aids, and relevant dental data as part of the exam is reported. The degree of student anxiety before, during, and after the examination was measured. A videotaped segment simulating a case history was used. (Author/MLW)

Describes the mental process that teachers engage in while making preactive planning decisions, and presents a general-process model of teacher planning consisting of three stages: (1) problem finding, (2) problem formulation/solution (design), and (3) implementation, evaluation, and routinization. (MP)

Historically the research and extension functions of land grant universities have been separate. This article discusses a Title V rural development program at Pennsylvania State in which research and extension efforts have been linked to provide knowledge and expertise to rural communities. (DS)

A developmental study of elementary school children's use of rule v computation in solving spacial perspective-taking problems. (CM)