Seven activities designed to lead students to the idea that the ratio of the perimeter of a square and its diagonal is a fixed number for all squares are presented. The activities are groundwork for preparing students for the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle. (MP)

An organized approach to problem solving in university public information and relations is outlined: (1) identify the problem, (2) do adequate fact-finding, (3) determine cause, (4) list possible solutions, and (5) make decision. Other suggestions include: beware of fatigue, take time-out, and beware of the please- the-boss syndrome. (MLW)

Because assessment of creative potential is important in the selection of leaders, it is recommended that the critical activities of any occupational assignment should be examined in connection with the whole range of abilities of the structure-of-intellect model. (CM)

The use of the hand-held calculator for introducing geometric growth is illustrated. The activity is designed for secondary school mathematics students. (MP)

Textbooks and teaching methods for adult basic education courses are frequently inappropriate for the cognitive ability level of the students. The assumption that these students have formal reasoning skills is often erroneous. (JD)

Indicates that the most pervasive correlate of the decision to use either pro- or antisocial ways of resolving conflict is the adolescent's perception of how likely his/her peers and parents would use these ways. Television characters' behaviors were a weak influence. (PD)

Problem solving and related observation behaviors were assessed using 108 subjects in three age groups (4 years, 8 years, and college undergraduates). Interference from uninformative stimuli affected all ages, but decreased at older ages. Only the adults exhibited selective, relevant observation behaviors. (Author/DB)

Schools reflect problems, and not necessarily create them. Unfair assertions from parents and educators about schools have an impact on the mental health of all participants. The need for carefully planned initiatives aimed at comprehensive programing and improved coordination, continuity, and effectiveness is stressed. Recommendations are made.…

Matching specific counselor interventions with particular client "moments" enables counselors to conceptualize when and how to best use the interventions. Focusing, evocative reflection, use of the empty chair, reenactment, and fantasy all stimulate adult clients to experience more deeply and develop new understandings. (Author)

Indian high school students list personal problems, future plans, financial concerns, depression, and decision-making problems as their most important concerns. Those in boarding school are less inclined to focus on future concerns. Those from rural areas consider depression a less pressing problem area. (Author)

The article examines the nature of performance deficits in exceptional learners as they relate to the ability to perform complex cognitive tasks. (PHR)

The article reviews cognitive training for modifying social behaviors among handicapped children. The use of self-evaluation/instruction strategies is explored including such areas as locus of control and generalization and maintenance of appropriate behaviors. (PHR)

A systematic study of the mathematical competence of all first-year engineering undergraduates at Plymouth Polytechnic, England is described. Results of a remedial mathematics program geared towards individualized instruction are presented. (MP)

Children's difficulties remembering correct algorithms for operations with fractions are traced to difficulties in the instructional sequence. Many teachers "teach mistakes" by failing to provide sufficient referents for their pupils. (MP)

Increasing the amount of problem-solving training in the preservice education of mathematics teachers is promoted. Such problems should be designed to help preservice teachers acquire an "open search" frame of mind, according to the authors. (MP)