Classical conditioning procedures were used to change the attitudes and choice of social behavior of elementary and secondary students associated with drinking, smoking, and the use of drugs. The experimental group expressed more negative attitudes toward smoking and drinking and chose the use of drugs less frequently. (Author/BW)

Examined sex differences in teenage marijuana, alcohol and cigarette use among 705 adolescents from Woodlawn, a poor Black Chicago neighborhood. Found important sex differences in the antecedent, concurrent, and mediating variables relating to substance use. Discusses these sex differences from two theoretical perspectives: social adaptation and…

To influence children in deciding not to smoke, a program, Wisconsin Athletes Against Cancer, was designed and implemented in grades four through eight. Athletes served as role models and delivered anti-smoking messages. Athlete preparation, the presentation format, and feedback and evaluation methods are discussed. (JN)

Surveyed the opinions of (N=3,100) 7th- to 12th-grade students regarding the perceived effectiveness of both pro-smoking and anti-smoking messages. Results indicated that most teenagers were exposed to anti-smoking information and materials in schools. Statistically significant differences existed between smokers and nonsmokers in their…

The influences of home and school environment on teenage smoking were assessed according to sex differences, age differences, influence of adults, socioeconomic status, and coeducation v same sex grouping. (Author/DB)

Why do some people make self-enhancing decisions and others potentially self-destroying decisions? The reasons are complex and probably unique to each individual, but a few explanations that have been suggested include lack of information, conflicting value system, lack of self-confidence, lack of love, and the presence of excessive stress. (LRA)

A health education curriculum tailored to the needs and concerns of adolescents is described. (JD)

There is no difference between the effectiveness of the approach treatments as measured in the cognitive domain and the self-reported behavior domain, with neither treatment having a beneficial effect on the self-reported drug abuse and smoking behavior of the subjects. (MB)

Attempts to determine the extent of smoking in a high school population, to identify the relationship between students' smoking status and conditions contributing to the continuation of smoking among students. (Author/RK)

Examined fourth graders' tobacco attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge and investigated the validity and reliability of the survey instrument. Results indicated a positive relationship between attitude and behavior, and gender differences were significant. High numbers of students had already tried tobacco. The survey instrument was comprehensive…

Used the theory of planned behavior in a sample of 15- and 16-year-old students (N=285), to create a comprehensive model for predictors of adolescent smoking. Students with lower conduct/morality self-efficacy had more positive attitudes toward smoking. Discusses results in terms of potential interventions to discourage adolescent smoking. (RJM)

A sample of 116 suicidal adolescent Hispanic females (70% of whom were Dominicans) were assessed on diagnostic, acculturative, and risk behavior instruments. Biculturalism and substance use were uniquely associated with sexual activity. High acculturation and psychopathology as a block were associated with substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and…

Measured the neurobehavioral integrity of Irish infants and maternal alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Subjects were 127 primiparous mothers. Results demonstrated significant cry effects on infants of heavily drinking mothers, supporting the conclusion that newborn infants show functional disturbances in the nervous system resulting from…

Describes a telephone counseling intervention for smoking cessation, with attention to the clinical issues of client assessment, motivation, self-efficacy, planning, coping, relapse-sensitive call scheduling, and self-image. Outlines counselor training and supervision issues, ethical and legal considerations regarding this form of service…