A report is presented of a year-long period of furnishing information to elementary schools on research findings and products related to the improvement of basic skills. Particular empirical findings are not analyzed; rather, an integrated impression of the success or failure of research utilization by schools is conveyed. The outcomes of research…

This paper discusses the theoretical problem of matching and abstraction of concepts as the processes occur in human minds, and the structures used to represent these processes for use in automated, knowledge based systems. A basic premise of the paper is that hierarchies play a crucial role in structuring knowledge and in solving problems. Data…

This study investigates the relationship of teaching strategies emphisizing visual problem solving through the medium of photography to increased visual perceptual levels in second and third grade students. Twenty-five subjects from three classroom groups were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups labeled Perceptual Principles Group…

Reported is a study to examine the effects of bilingualism on the ability to formulate scientific hypotheses or solutions to science problems by examining results of the same treatment motivating hypothesis formation given by the same teacher to classes of sixth-grade students ranging from monolingual English-speaking children to proficient…

This study was designed as a partial replication and extension of the research on interpersonal problem solving in preschool children by Shure and Spivack. Fifteen well-adjusted and 14 impulsive children from Head Start Centers were administered the Preschool Interpersonal Problem Solving test (PIPS) under either incentive or no incentive…

The purpose of this paper is to report on the role of advocacy in the urban milieu. It explores the following areas: (1) history and current status of advocacy; (2) review of some advocacy efforts; and (3) significance of the Advocate Counseling Model, a legal and therapeutic counseling model to help people to advocate for themselves. It is of…

This paper describes a recent program of organizational awareness and development (OAD) initiated for a university program council. It describes the nature, purposes, and objectives of OAD and its role as a third party. It also provides an example of applied communication research, divided into four phases: (1) diagnostic, (2) feedback, (3)…

Sixteen investigations using 32 third graders, 286 fourth graders, 183 fifth graders, and 343 sixth graders, were undertaken to determine table-using proficiencies. The data indicate that: (1) upper elementary students are able to retrieve information accurately and quickly from noncomplex numerical tables over a wide range of levels of tabular…

This report focuses on the development of general problem-solving skills which are subsumed under the general heading of metacognition: in particular, the skills of predicting, checking, monitoring, reality testing, and coordinating and controlling deliberate attempts to learn or solve problems. The report is organized in five sections: an…

While the physical education teacher or coach is rarely a trained counselor, occasion may arise when he or she may be called upon to assume that role in relationship with a student. In this guide counseling techniques are discussed for the use of the teacher who is not formally trained in them and a brief list of specific "do's" and "don'ts" is…

The purpose of this book is to explain how urban schools can deal productively with problems found embedded in their organizational structure. Written for persons interested in organizational change in schools, the book focuses on the theory of how problem solving in schools does work, how it can work, and how it can be facilitated by change…

The theoretical framework for investigating human planning behavior and the procedures, results, and implications of two experiments involving planning in the domain of software design are presented in this report. A plan is defined as a hierarchical structure that underlies the solution to a problem; planning is the process of constructing this…

The development of three problem-solving modules is described and the formative evaluation activities for each module reported. The modules were: (1) Using Guesses to Solve Problems; (2) Using Tables to Solve Problems; and (3) Organizing Lists. Each module consists of a student booklet and a problem deck. Each contains problems coded for…

This appendix to the Mathematical Problem Solving Project "Module Development and Formative Evaluation" contains trials 1 and 2 of the Organizing Lists quiz. Editorial feedback from teachers on the Organizing Lists booklet is given for trials 1 and 2. Editorial feedback from teachers on the Organizing Lists problem deck is given for…

This teaching guide presents six lessons on using tables to solve problems. For each lesson, the guide gives the purpose, the rationales, materials, and detailed teaching procedures. The six lessons involve making a table, completing a table, using tables to solve problems (lessons 3 and 4), reading tables, and solving problems. Each lesson opens…