Studies of human problem solving have traditionally used deterministic tasks that require the execution of a systematic series of steps to reach a rational and optimal solution. Most real-world problems, however, are characterized by uncertainty, the need to consider an enormous number of variables and possible courses of action at each stage in…

Subjects for which aesthetics and creative performance are critical curricular dimensions (such as art, physical education, music, and technology education), and which are accommodative of students across the range of intelligences (Gardner, 1999) are not readily or completely captured by content standards. Therefore content knowledge in these…

The needs assessment process must begin first with the determination of "what should be." The next process in needs assessment is the determination of "what is." The gaps or discrepancies between "what is" and "what should be" are the needs of the school or district. The results of this needs assessment must then be viewed in terms of the resource…

The terminology associated with instructional accountability, instructional relevance, and benefits to society were considered in determining a more efficient and effective instructional program. (Author/RK)

One urgent practical problem faced by speech communication educators is the need to educate students with a serious concern for their subsequent employability. The shrinking academic job market for speech communication graduates is a reality with which speech communication educators must be concerned. Speech communicators are beginning to ask…

Professionals in the field of social work are becoming increasingly aware of ethnic factors in their work and of the particular problems and requirements of ethnic minority clients. This book was written for students and practitioners who want to prepare for effective social work practice with black clients. The concept of "empowerment" is…

This paper describes a three-stage model for helping teachers to prepare themselves for conferencing with inner city parents. All of the concepts, procedures, and processes involved in the model are applicable to routine conferencing as well as the problem-oriented variety of conferencing toward which the model is focused. The first stage of the…

The general hypotheses derived from a series of six experiments in instructional theory were as follows: that the individually optimal reading sequence of juxtaposed, but mutally related, prose text depends on learning goal and pre-knowledge; that adult learners are able to approach this reading sequence through their own decisions; and that…

Author looked at some ambitious reforms taking place in Peru. (Editor/RK)

Article contained comments by three distinguished scholars of educational policy on the problems that they felt would face the institutionalization of the Learning Foundation followed by a response of the architect of that idea. (RK)

Describes a districtwide effort to select and implement a computerized system that could compile and maintain student census data, in addition to redesigning the district's school bus routes to better accommodate a growing student population without increasing the number of buses in service. (JG)

In an attempt to reduce the impact of a child's disabilities the Master Plan was developed in order to equalize opportunities for all children in need of special education services. (Author/RK)

Traces the historical development of the university instructional laboratory. Describes the basic components of a problem-oriented laboratory program and identifies four forces that may dictate instructional change in the future. (GS)

Contends that computers have only limited usefulness in evaluating Management By Objectives programs. (HMV)