Responds to five major articles by Duckworth, Goldman, Healy, Sampson, and Goodyear on issues pertaining to testing and assessment in counseling psychology. Notes that assessment of the person is incomplete unless it includes assessment of environment, and discusses the role of assessment in problem solving. (TE)

Reviews assumptions about learners, learning, and the learning environment in an information age economy. Argues that one approach to encourage literacy and lifelong learning is to bring students' natural learning abilities (especially problem solving) into the school environment. (RS)

A problem-centered approach to training can be effective if (1) the goal is to bring about individual and organizational change; (2) the training is an integral part of company strategy; and (3) the problem is relevant to participants, current and pressing, and has corporate commitment to implementation of the solution. (SK)

Discusses the issue of how Blacks are represented in social studies classes. Proposes presenting alternative views of Blacks during the slavery period. Discusses Black inventors and engineers before 1800. Considers Blacks' roles in building the pyramids in Egypt and the temple at Amen-Re. Discusses the contributions of Imhotep. (JS)

Describes activities that present concepts and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) for elementary and secondary school students. The use of Logo with elementary students is discussed; appropriate software is described; programing activities using Logo, BASIC, and Prolog are examined; and the field of robotics is discussed. (four…

Discusses five strategies to use in creating an environment that will foster the development of critical thinking. To make thinking the subject of instruction; focusing on the key aspects of higher-order thinking; providing opportunities for continual, explicit practice; questioning and developing an investigative nature; and reinforcing the…

Discusses a teaching method for transforming timid, dependent students into self-propelling, independent problem solvers. Describes four guidelines: expose students to problems; pose good questions and pause; put chalk into students' hands; and emphasize teamwork. Eleven references are listed. (YP)

Explores mathematical methods children use to find answers for themselves. Describes some methods used for multiplication and subtraction problems. (YP)

Discussion of the use of computer aided instruction (CAI) and instructional software in college level courses highlights an automatic problem generator, AUTOGEN, that was written for computer science students learning assembly language. Design of the software is explained, and student responses are reported. (nine references) (LRW)

This article explores the historical and philosophical evolution of action research as it has emerged as a scientific enterprise, examines links between action research and teacher involvement in curriculum research and development, and outlines related constraints on practitioners. (IAH)

Three stages of teacher competence are mastery of teaching skills and procedures, clinical problem solving, and critical reflection on knowledge and values. Neither the stages of development nor the forms of competence are mutually exclusive; rather, there is a progression and a gradual shift in the competence emphasized. (SK)

Parent-teacher conferences offer an opportunity to cooperatively prevent and solve learning and behavior problems. The phases of a parent-teacher conference include: preconference phase (notification, preparation, agenda planning, and arranging environments); conference phase, which utilizes a problem-solving approach; and postconference phase,…

Theories--based on concretizing, assimilation, and structuring--of the use of metaphors in learning are assessed. Each is shown to predict different patterns of inferences and errors in problem solving. An experiment with 43 undergraduates involving college lectures indicated that structuring may provide the most important function of metaphors in…

Thirty-two primary school children were evaluated on their problem-solving ability and attention level, immediately following either an aerobic exercise or a passive activity. Results indicated that physical activity of moderate intensity enhanced problem-solving performance; the two hyperactive children improved their ability to stay on task,…

Examines the role of research in assisting library managers to operate libraries more effectively. Strategies for research and for library managers to better create and use research are suggested; conceptual and practical issues that affect research utilization are discussed; and the need for improved efforts by both library managers and…