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Rush, Jean C.; Shumaker, Mary Susan – 1982
It is hypothesized that graphic skills among the general U.S. population level off at puberty. Examined were the characteristics of 357 pairs of pencil drawings of human figures (one man and one woman) made by male and female adolescents (eighth graders), nonartistic adults (university elementary education majors), and artistic adults (beginning…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Adults, Art Education, Developmental Stages

Young, Carol J. – School Arts, 1974
Article investigated whether an art program for children could be a creative endeavor with real-life focus as well as a valid educational experience. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Art Activities, Curriculum Development, Educational Environment, Elementary School Students

Wesche, Lloyd H. – School Arts, 1974
Described a mural created by young artists who employed facial drawings. (RK)
Descriptors: Art Education, Art Products, Artists, Creative Expression

School Arts, 1975
In this article is presented art created by students at various grade levels in many areas of visual expression. (Editor/RK)
Descriptors: Art Products, Creative Expression, Freehand Drawing, Painting (Visual Arts)
Artwohl, Susan L. – 1980
Studies using human figure drawing as a measurement technique are reviewed as part of an inquiry concerning the effectiveness of instruction to improve children's body image. It is concluded that the findings reviewed are inconclusive as to whether instruction can improve children's perceptions and knowledge of body image, and that further…
Descriptors: Body Image, Children, Cognitive Development, Freehand Drawing
Pariser, David A. – 1979
A study was undertaken to determine how children of different ages used drawing to present an atypical situation, to what extent children's responses were governed by their increasing cognitive competence, and to what extent children's responses reflected an increasingly articulate grasp of the medium itself. A total of 137 children in…
Descriptors: Art Expression, Behavioral Science Research, Child Development, Childrens Art

Ryan, Bruce A.; Winston, Andrew S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1978
Creative drawings of three preschool girls were modified using reinforcement procedures. Adult judges gave higher ratings of creativity for drawings with increased form diversity but not for those with increased color diversity. The role of social validation in defining and encouraging creativity is discussed. (Author/BH)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Contingency Management, Creativity, Dimensional Preference

Swift, John – Art Education, 1977
Suggests through historical examination that memory, primarily linked with the imagination as a constructive and creative factor, is an important element in art training. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Art Education, Artists, Creative Development, Educational History
Sylwester, Robert – Instructor, 1977
Human roots go deep into nature and much of our technology and vocational activity is really an extension of the natural world. Suggests an introductory learning exploration of the different ways in which people perceive the various manifestations of matter about them. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Freehand Drawing, Guidelines, Learning Activities

Brown, Eleese V. – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1977
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Elementary Education, Freehand Drawing, General Education

Madden, John – Child Development, 1986
Tests four hypotheses to separate the effect of schemes from drawing-specific influences on young children's drawings and examines whether copies and anticipatory drawings are influenced by schemes in the same manner. (HOD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Epistemology, Freehand Drawing

Samuels, Allen – Art Education, 1987
This article recommends fundamental changes in the way art is perceived in our society. The author argues for increasing the role of visualization and emphasizing visual thinking at all levels of the school curriculum. (JDH)
Descriptors: Aesthetic Education, Art Education, Curriculum Development, Elementary Secondary Education

Marschalek, Douglas G. – Studies in Art Education, 1986
This study investigated the ability of first-, third-, and fifth-grade students to perceive similarities and differences in contour and interior pattern of shapes in color drawings. Results showed that with increase of age, attention to contour information was significantly affected by the surrounding contextual information found in the drawings.…
Descriptors: Art Education, Color, Elementary Education, Freehand Drawing

Kettell, Carolyn; And Others – School Arts, 1985
Three art activities are described. Intermediate and junior high school students made sculptures from geometric shapes cut from corrugated cardboard; eighth-grade students did freehand drawings using gridiron patterns; and junior and senior high school students studied antique valentines and then made their own. (RM)
Descriptors: Art Activities, Art Education, Course Descriptions, Creative Art

Jensen-Thiesen, Olive – School Arts, 1985
Outlined are four units of study in which intermediate grade students study and reproduce the human head, using sculpture, painting, and drawing. The outline describes student objective, teaching concepts, art history emphasis, media to be used, and art activities. (RM)
Descriptors: Art Activities, Art Education, Art History, Freehand Drawing