This study was designed to determine the relationship between children's reflection-impulsivity and responses to a forced choice of a toy for play (labelled as impulsivity) and the length of continued play with the selected toy (labelled as latency). A group of twenty four-year-olds, male and female, were observed making a choice between toys. The…

This linker's guide introduces the systematic problem- solving approach used by the Florida Linkage System. An overview of the System's three SOLUTION ANALYSIS SERIES Guidebooks is given in order to clearly identify the different steps in the system's proposed training process. (LH)

TO VERIFY A PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED DEVELOPMENTAL INVERSION IN PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY AND TO EXPLORE PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES, RESEARCHERS GAVE A SET OF SEQUENTIAL-PATTERN RECOGNITION TESTS TO 316 CHILDREN, REPRESENTING NURSERY SCHOOL THROUGH SIXTH GRADE. EACH TEST CONSISTED OF FINDING TOKENS PLACED BEHIND 5 DOORS IN A PREDETERMINED PATTERN. THE…

ACCORDING TO PIAGET, THE CONCEPT OF CONSERVATION IS A PREREQUISITE TO MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING. THIS STUDY SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE ABILITY OF FIRST GRADE CHILDREN TO SOLVE ADDITION PROBLEMS WAS DEPENDENT ON THEIR MASTERY OF CONSERVATION OF NUMEROUSNESS. SECONDARY PURPOSES WERE TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT IN PROBLEM STATEMENTS OF (1)…

THE PROBLEMS THAT DAILY LIVING MAY PRESENT TO CHILDREN WHO EXPERIENCE LEARNING DIFFICULTIES ARE DISCUSSED, AND THE NEED FOR THE TEACHER TO SURVEY THE EXPERIMENTAL BACKGROUND OF HIS CLASS AND TO DEVELOP A METHOD FOR DEALING WITH THE CHILDREN'S PROBLEMS IS DESCRIBED. PROBLEMS THAT MERIT ATTENTION INCLUDE THOSE WHICH FUNCTION INDEPENDENTLY. THE…

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS' ABILITY TO USE EVIDENCE FROM SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS WAS DETERMINED. THE 320 PUPILS FROM GRADES ONE THROUGH SIX WERE PLACED IN DECISION-MAKING SITUATIONS REQUIRING THEM TO USE EVIDENCE FROM A PLATFORM BALANCE OR GRADUATED CYLINDER. PUPILS WERE REQUIRED TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MASSES OR VOLUMES OF PAIRS OF OBJECTS. THE…

COUNSELING RESEARCH SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO DISCOVER IMPROVED WAYS OF HELPING CLIENTS PREVENT OR SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS. THE IMPLICIT ASSUMPTION THAT COUNSELORS ALREADY KNOW HOW TO COUNSEL SHOULD BE QUESTIONED. THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE SHOULD BE CLIENT, NOT COUNSELOR BEHAVIOR. A NARROW OUTLOOK OF COUNSELOR PURPOSES AND METHODS MAY BE DANGEROUS.…

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES WERE (A) TO DEVELOP A BATTERY OF INSIGHT-PROBLEMS FOR USE IN PROBLEM-SOLVING RESEARCH, (B) TO REPLICATE A TRAINING EXPERIMENT IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHAT A SUBJECT MIGHT HAVE LEARNED IN A SPECIFIC SITUATION WHICH COULD INFLUENCE NONSPECIFIC SITUATIONS, AND (C) TO ATTEMPT TO TEACH SUBJECTS STRATEGY WHICH WILL ALLOW THEM TO…

SCIENCE UNITS CONSTRUCTED TO DIRECTLY TEACH CRITICAL THINKING ARE COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL SCIENCE UNITS FOR EFFECTIVENESS IN THE TEACHING OF CRITICAL THINKING. THE SAMPLE INCLUDED 1,554 FOURTH, FIFTH, AND SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS TAUGHT BY 65 TEACHERS IN FIVE DIFFERENT SCHOOL SYSTEMS. TEACHERS OF THE 469 STUDENTS IN THE RESEARCH GROUP WERE…

A SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION OF THE COGNITIVE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF A DRAWING WAS CONDUCTED. A SITUATION WAS DESIGNED IN WHICH A SAMPLE GROUP OF ABOUT 30 ARTISTS COULD BE OBSERVED AT WORK. BEHAVIOR WAS RECORDED AND THE PROGRESS OF THEIR WORK PHOTOGRAPHED. OF THE BEHAVIORS OBSERVED, SIX WERE TAKEN TO REFLECT RELEVANT STAGES IN THE…

A SERIES OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS CONCERNED WITH THE EFFECTS OF SYSTEMATIC VARIATIONS OF CERTAIN CONDITIONS RELATED TO LEARNING HAS BEEN CONDUCTED. PROJECTS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED INCLUDED TWO INVESTIGATIONS OF REINFORCEMENT AND SUBJECT VARIABLES AND ONE ON THE STUDY OF PRACTICE AND SUBJECT VARIABLES. THE NATURE OF THE OVERALL PROGRAM WAS DISCUSSED IN…

SKINNER'S VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF THINKING WERE DESCRIBED IN NONTECHNICAL LANGUAGE. THIS LAYMAN'S INTRODUCTION TO SKINNER'S POSITION ON THE NATURE OF THINKING WAS INTENDED FOR USE BY PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS AND PRACTICING SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE PROGRAM TO TEACH COLLEGE STUDENTS THE BEHAVIORS INVOLVED IN THINKING AND…

OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO STIMULATE THINKING ON THE PART OF STUDENTS BY EMPLOYING NEW FORMS OF AUTOINSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCES AND (2) TO SEEK INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF THOUGHT PROCESSES. IN PHASE ONE LINEAR PROGRAMS WERE ANALYZED TO IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS OF THOSE PROGRAMS THAT INCREASED ACTIVE RESPONSE BY THE STUDENT. THE ANALYSES…

The manual is intended to help teachers of gifted elementary students teach independent learning skills. As a framework, it may be used to provide goals, objectives, conditions, and criteria for developing individualized educational programs (IEPs); to develop evaluation strategies; or to design instructional activities. Objectives and…

This study focuses on the mental processes used during estimation. This research: (1) developed an operational definition of estimation; (2) created an instrument to identify exceptionally good estimators; (3) collected performance level data on 1187 subjects; (4) constructed interview problems and developed protocols to identify the thinking…