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Carroll, Joyce Armstrong – English Journal, 1991
Describes an informal experiment designed to explore the relationship between drawing and writing, and the meaning held in the drawings. Finds that drawing should not be relegated only to small children, but should be used to help older students explore their thoughts and feelings as well. (PRA)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Freehand Drawing, Visual Aids, Writing Processes

Zirinsky, Driek – Writing on the Edge, 1993
Reveals Donald Murray's philosophy regarding the composing processes including the relationship between drawing and writing, and his response to the changes taking place in the field of composition and composition research. (NH)
Descriptors: Educational Philosophy, Freehand Drawing, Higher Education, Interviews

Bremner, J. Gavin; Morse, Rachel; Hughes, Sara; Andreasen, Gillian – Child Development, 2000
Four experiments examined links and differences between children's copying line diagrams and drawing solid objects. Findings suggest that emphasis on order of line copying improves copying performance because line-to-line matching is an important element of the skill, whereas this does not aid drawing of the solid object, in which focus is…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Childrens Art, Error Patterns

Dempsey, Brian C.; Betz, B. J. – American Biology Teacher, 2001
Points out the usefulness of drawing for a biologist, how biologists spend time on it, and contrasts how teachers do not spent any time on drawing in biology education. Recommends starting drawing with plants because they are stationary. Provides drawing exercises and explains how to draw with different techniques. (Contains 12 references.) (YDS)
Descriptors: Biology, Freehand Drawing, Higher Education, Plants (Botany)

Pufall, Peter B.; Pesonen, Tuuli – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2000
Investigated the components of artistic style in young children, using longitudinal studies and a retrospective measure in which judges used children's later drawings to identify their art from earlier in childhood. Explored the concept of "artworld" as an aid in elucidating children's art and style by accounting for the "how"…
Descriptors: Art Expression, Childrens Art, Creative Development, Creativity

Stone, David S. – Exercise Exchange, 1996
Describes a fun outdoor assignment whereby secondary school students form into groups of four or five and learn about the importance of narrative setting by drawing on sidewalks with chalk. Reviews the five basic elements of setting: temporal, geographical, cultural, historical, and environmental. (TB)
Descriptors: Fiction, Freehand Drawing, Language Arts, Lesson Plans

Cruikshank, Denise – Nurse Education Today, 1996
Based on critical social theory, nursing students made drawings to express their learning from clinical placements. The drawings demonstrated different kinds of knowing and fostered reflection. (SK)
Descriptors: Clinical Experience, Critical Theory, Freehand Drawing, Higher Education

Veltman, Marijcke W. M.; Browne, Kevin D. – Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 2000
Six physically maltreated children and 12 matched non-maltreated children (ages 4-8) were asked to draw their "favorite kind of day." Drawings were compared on three criteria: inclement weather, size, and movement of weather. Results showed that over a period of 18 months, maltreated and non-maltreated children consistently drew similar drawings.…
Descriptors: Child Abuse, Childrens Art, Freehand Drawing, Projective Measures

Chen, Chuansheng; Kasof, Joseph; Himsel, Amy J.; Greenberger, Ellen; Dong, Qi; Xue, Gui – Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2002
Examined whether European Americans and Chinese differed in their creation and evaluation of drawings of geometric shapes. Drawings created by Chinese and European American college students were judged by Chinese and European American college students. Results showed high consensus between the judges and great similarity in the creativity of…
Descriptors: Art Expression, College Students, Creativity, Cultural Differences
Greenman, Geri – Arts & Activities, 1998
Describes a lesson in which students drew their own self-portraits following three criteria: (1) use mixed media; (2) emphasize expressiveness of facial features; and (3) focus on the eyes. Asserts that students were not allowed to use an opaque projector or copy from photographs. Reports the students had difficulty drawing the planes of their…
Descriptors: Art Education, Art Expression, Art Materials, Eyes

Toomela, Aaro – Child Development, 1999
This article proposes a new schema for defining developmental stages in the drawing of geometrical objects. In four studies, children and adults drew cubes and cylinders. Data demonstrate that stages appear in invariant order with 2-year-olds drawing scribbles, single units appearing at 3 years, differentiated figures at 4 years, and integrated…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Child Development, Children

Bardill, Donald R. – Journal of Poetry Therapy, 2001
Examines life-space diagrams as a form of nonverbal poetry which taps personal feelings, tells a story, and characterizes a particular life situation, forming a useful therapy technique that provides a family the opportunity to examine its internal family relationships. Offers two case studies, discusses five levels of knowing and awareness, and…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Counseling Techniques, Diagrams, Family Relationship
Zingher, Gary – School Library Media Activities Monthly, 2004
Children take enormous pride in their drawing abilities. They like bringing to life a specific object whether it is a star or a cat or a tree, and they will likely be frustrated until they can get it just right. Drawing is a way of thinking in motion, the brain guiding the hand, and it demonstrates strongly another type of intelligence. As a…
Descriptors: Childrens Literature, Art Activities, Freehand Drawing, Art Education

Lappe, Steve – School Arts: The Art Education Magazine for Teachers, 2004
A student sketchbook is not a new idea. However, the appropriate application and assessment capabilities of the sketchbook are often overlooked. Historically, artists were trained via copying the works of master painters and draftsmen. In the same tradition, the author has infused the art curriculum with sketchbook copying exercises to improve…
Descriptors: Freehand Drawing, Art Activities, Teaching Methods, Studio Art
Hobart, April – Science Teacher, 2005
Nature journaling is a useful skill for science students, independent of whether they also consider themselves artists. A pencil and sketchbook can be carried anywhere to record ecological information in many ways. A traditional page in a nature journal may consist of quick studies of plant and animal life sketched out as rudimentary line drawings…
Descriptors: Observation, Learning Processes, Ecology, Animals