A structured approach to group therapy was added to an alcoholic treatment program previously offering only unstructured insight-oriented groups. Participants in the interpersonal problem-solving group therapy were generally very active in all sessions. Participants reported actively utilizing their learning after leaving the treatment program, a…

The relationship of moderately elevated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Scales 2 and 7 to psychological help seeking, problem type, and academic progress was investigated. Results suggest the MMPI 2-7 elevation is a simple indicator of psychologocal distress in the setting studied. (Author/BEF)

The dual career couple is forced to make a series of choices and compromises that impact the realms of marriage and career. The dilemmas that confront dual career marriages can be overcome only by compromise, accommodation, and mutual understanding on the part of the individuals involved. A revamping of human resources and recruitment programs is…

Compared two behavioral treatments for marital discord with a nonspecific control and waiting-list control. Behavioral treatments combined problem-solving skills with contingency management procedures, differing only in contracting form, good faith contracts, and quid pro quo contracts. Both behavioral groups improved significantly more than…

Demonstrates that approach gradients can be steeper than avoidance gradients. An individual with an avoidance-approach conflict, placed on the goal side of the intersection of the gradients, would enthusiastically approach a goal previously avoided. Implications of avoidance-approach conflict are discussed. (Author/BEF)

Evaluated short-term skill-training intervention that taught male alcoholics generation of appropriate behaviors in problematic situations. Verbal role-playing measures of responses to situations associated with drinking behavior and relapse showed significant performance improvement of training groups. Posttreatment follow-up indicated that skill…

Evaluated effects of subject-perceived need and interviewer role on a subject's opinions and behaviors. Results indicate that roles were perceived as intended and resulted in intended opinion changes. Perceived interviewer expertness did influence subjects to engage in certain self-help activities, but the scope of those behaviors was limited.…

The adolescent problems inventory (API) was designed to identify strengths and weaknesses in the personal and interpersonal skills repertoires of adolescent boys. API responses of institutionalized delinquent boys were rated as less competent than responses of nondelinquent teenage boys from a public high school. The inventory's characteristics…

Suggests that reading programs that attempt to teach reading before children have developed adequate problem solving skills may be responsible for producing children who learn not to read. (DD)

Teachers can be overly and adversely "helpful" when they perform tasks that students can perform and learn from. The best way to help students is to avoid doing for them what they can do for themselves. (CJ)

Reviews recent progress in modeling human cognition, in particular the use of computers in generating models. Topics covered include the information processing approach to cognition, problem solving, semantic memory, pattern induction, and learning and cognitive development. A 164-item reference list is attached. (JL)

Reviews 18 recent texts, supplements, kits, games, and professional references designed to develop problem-solving skills in mathematics, K-12. (SJL)

Examines the relationship between sex and sex- type and leadership in small discussion groups. Results indicate personality influences leadership only during initial group interaction. The best characterization of social and task leadership is via psychological sex type rather than biological sex. Suggests leadership style dogmatism and motivation…

Comparison of objectively-monitored problem-solving behavior of nuclear families with kinship network structure indicates strong parallels between intra-family and extra-family interaction processes. Findings are consistent with theory of variation in how families regulate their relationships with the social environment. (Author)

A discussion on the general equation of a line shows how students can be lead to discover mathematical properties, find how one discovery leads to another, see how different branches of mathematics can lead to a solution, and be provided with a starting point for studying special mathematical topics. (MP)