Head Start is a federally funded preschool program for poor children designed to help close the gap between those children and their more advantaged peers before they begin public schooling. Given that Head Start appears to have positive long-run impacts on its recipients, a natural and important next question to ask is: What are the channels…

Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs) are developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Each TIP involves the development of topic-specific best-practice guidelines for the prevention and…

Objective: To characterize the late adolescent and young adult outcomes of girls diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. Method: The study included 58 women from a larger longitudinal study of ADHD. A total of 34 (M = 19.97 years old) met "DSM" criteria for ADHD in childhood, whereas the remaining 24 (M = 19.83 years old) did not. Self- and…

A study was undertaken to understand the chain of family, school, and employment factors that led a sample of young (18-30) psychoactive substance abusers into precarious employment situations, based on their personal narratives. Substance abuse was measured according to DAST-20 and SMAST scales. Three types of precarious employment trajectories…

Volatile substance abuse (VSA) is an under-recognized worldwide problem. Data, especially international comparisons, are limited. The 2005 ESPAD report published data on VSA from 35 countries, collected in 2003. Lifetime prevalence of VSA can be as high as 22%, with little difference between boys and girls in most countries. Perceived risk of VSA…

In this study, the authors explored the self-perceived multicultural counseling competencies of substance abuse counselors. Overall, the results indicate that substance abuse counselors perceived themselves to be competent; however, differences existed on the basis of race and educational level. Implications for practice and future research are…

In this study we examined rape survivors' post assault use of prescription drugs, including sedatives, tranquilizers, and antidepressants. In a community-based sample of 102 sexual assault survivors, 44% had used prescription drugs post rape. Consistent with prior research on alcohol as a postassault coping mechanism, the current study found…

For millions of people, gambling offers a harmless and entertaining diversion from everyday life. For others, however, gambling represents a moment of overwhelming compulsion. Gambling for these individuals is tied to their self-esteem. They rarely have non-gambling hobbies and many times they have experienced a "big win." The average…

Discusses research that looked at the actions, policies, and responses of organizations concerning training issues and substance abuse. Found that without training, an organization cannot successfully wage the war against alcohol and drug abuse at work. (JOW)

A form of substance abuse occurs when youngsters sniff the ingredients in consumer and household products to become high. The article describes the average sniffer, what is sniffed, the extent of the problem, and suggestions for prevention. (MT)

This paper presents state-of-the-art models addressing issues related to coordination of treatment and evaluation activities, and integration of clinical, performance, and evaluation information. Specifically, it summarizes the background, methods, and tools needed for substance treatment professionals to reliably assess client levels of…

This longitudinal study evaluated the effect of religiousness on substance use and depression both currently and after six months. It also evaluated the association between religious coping on substance use and depression both currently and after six months. Results reveal no relationship between religiousness and current substance use. There was…

This chapter discusses current issues and future perspectives in relation to substance abuse counseling. Current issues include: abstinence versus controlled use; coercive versus voluntary treatment; and career development and counseling with clients with substance abuse problems. Future perspectives include: the impact of managed care; the…

The drug-using behaviors of 14,520 college students were examined with data collected through the 1997 College Alcohol Study. Prevalence estimates of ecstasy use were generated and associations between ecstasy use, demographic characteristics, and alcohol and other drug use were explored. Implications for these findings are discussed. (Contains 24…

Analysis performed to identify differences in working functioning and vocational rehabilitation among participants with psychiatric disorders alone, substance use disorders alone, and a diagnosis of both disorders. Dual diagnosis was associated with better work functioning and more participation in rehabilitation. Findings may suggest clinicians…