The study of mind-wandering is popular since it is linked to the emotional problems and working/learning performance. In terms of education, it impacts comprehension during learning which affects academic success. Therefore, we sought to develop a machine learning model for an embedded portable device that can categorize mind-wandering state to…

Language is a quintessentially human trait. Many decades of neurolinguistic research provided evidence of neural structures which specialize in complex linguistic and cognitive processes supporting human communications. Because the world is multilingual, (Crystal, 2010; de Bot, 2019) a prominent question related to brain processes supporting…

This quantitative, correlational study compared the perceptions of grading practices and outcomes between teachers who teach in standards-based and traditional grading systems. Using the Teachers Perceptions of Grading Practices Scale, data was collected from a total of 217 elementary teachers and 120 middle school teachers representing seven…

Do quasi-experimental (QE) studies conducted with baseline covariates that are typically available in the longitudinal administrative state databases yield unbiased effect estimates? This paper conducts a within-study comparison (WSC) study that compares experimental impacts of early college high school (ECHS) attendance with QE impacts drawn from…

Do quasi-experimental (QE) studies conducted with baseline covariates that are typically available in the longitudinal administrative state databases yield unbiased effect estimates? This paper conducts a within-study comparison (WSC) study that compares experimental impacts of early college high school (ECHS) attendance with QE impacts drawn from…

Among current state-of-art estimation methods for multilevel IRT models, the two-stage divide-and-conquer strategy has practical advantages, such as clearer definition of factors, convenience for secondary data analysis, convenience for model calibration and fit evaluation, and avoidance of improper solutions. However, various studies have shown…

The goal in this quantitative, comparative study was to examine differences in students' achievement depending on type of pedagogy--productive failure (PF) versus NPF--and gender (female vs. male) in the final content unit of an undergraduate general education mathematics course taught at a university in the Southwest U.S. The study was based on…

Adjacent category logit models are ordered regression models that focus on comparisons of adjacent categories. These models are particularly useful for ordinal response variables with categories that are of substantive interest. In this article, we consider unconstrained and constrained versions of the partial adjacent category logit model, which…

The term "polyfunctionality" has an extraordinary number of synonyms and near-synonyms in linguistics, e.g. "multifunctionality," "polycategoriality," "conversion," and "zero derivation." In this paper I will present many of these terms and discuss possible differences (for some authors) among…

Social innovations (SIs) frequently bring previously unrelated actors, ideas, and practices together in new configurations with the goal of addressing social needs. However, the dizzying variety of definitions of SI and their dynamic, exploratory character raise dilemmas for evaluators tasked with their evaluations. This article is based on a…

Analyzing relationships of necessity is important for both scholarly and applied research questions in the social sciences. An often-used technique for identifying such relationships--"fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis" (fsQCA)--has limited ability to make the most out of the data used. The set-theoretical technique fsQCA makes…

Recent research studies have shown that increased letter spacing has a positive effect on the reading ability of dyslexic individuals. This study aims to investigate the effect of spacing on the readability of different fonts for children with and without dyslexia. Results did not support the hypothesis of better performance among children with…

Mentoring, coaching, and advising are often confused as similar interactions with developmental intent, yet their scope, purpose, and utility in leadership development are distinct. The purpose of this chapter is to provide clarity as to what constitutes mentoring, coaching, and advising for leadership development and to compare and contrast each…

This essay examines comparison in a double sense. Focusing on ethnographies of teachers' work in the published literature, I ask whether it is possible to compare ethnographic studies across national borders without losing the particularities of local context, and also without losing the distinctive theoretical perspective of ethnographers…

This paper concerns an investigation of the manner in which typicality constrains graded membership in antonymous dimensional adjectives such as "short/tall" and "cheap/expensive" using the conceptual spaces framework. In this framework, items are organized in a space comprised of one or more dimensions along which they can be…