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Isbell, Elif; Wray, Amanda Hampton; Neville, Helen J. – Developmental Science, 2016
Selective attention, the ability to enhance the processing of particular input while suppressing the information from other concurrent sources, has been postulated to be a foundational skill for learning and academic achievement. The neural mechanisms of this foundational ability are both vulnerable and enhanceable in children from lower…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Preschool Children, Socioeconomic Status, Socioeconomic Background
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Howard, Judith – International Journal on School Disaffection, 2016
Children and adolescents who have survived complex trauma have suffered the type of ongoing and repeated traumatic experience that includes factors such as physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse, significant neglect, and/or family violence. Complex childhood trauma (sometimes referred to as paediatric or child maltreatment-related post traumatic…
Descriptors: Children, Adolescents, Trauma, Student Behavior
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Lynn Waterhouse; Eric London; Christopher Gillberg – Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
ASD research is at an important crossroads. The ASD diagnosis is important for assigning a child to early behavioral intervention and explaining a child's condition. But ASD research has not provided a diagnosis-specific medical treatment, or a consistent early predictor, or a unified life course. If the ASD diagnosis also lacks biological and…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Medical Research, Clinical Diagnosis, Early Intervention
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Pita-Almenar, Juan D.; Zou, Shengwei; Colbert, Costa M.; Eskin, Arnold – Learning & Memory, 2012
Na[superscript +]-dependent high-affinity glutamate transporters have important roles in the maintenance of basal levels of glutamate and clearance of glutamate during synaptic transmission. Interestingly, several studies have shown that basal glutamate transport displays plasticity. Glutamate uptake increases in hippocampal slices during early…
Descriptors: Neurology, Biochemistry, Inhibition
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Stevens, Victoria – American Journal of Play, 2014
The author considers combinatory play as an intersection between creativity, play, and neuroaesthetics. She discusses combinatory play as vital to the creative process in art and science, particularly with regard to the incubation of new ideas. She reviews findings from current neurobiological research and outlines the way that the brain activates…
Descriptors: Play, Creativity, Neurology, Aesthetics
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Pu, Lu; Kopec, Ashley M.; Boyle, Heather D.; Carew, Thomas J. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Neurotrophins are critically involved in developmental processes such as neuronal cell survival, growth, and differentiation, as well as in adult synaptic plasticity contributing to learning and memory. Our previous studies examining neurotrophins and memory formation in "Aplysia" showed that a TrkB ligand is required for MAPK…
Descriptors: Brain, Memory, Learning Processes, Neurological Organization
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Sundman, Eva; Olofsson, Peder S. – Advances in Physiology Education, 2014
Neural reflexes support homeostasis by modulating the function of organ systems. Recent advances in neuroscience and immunology have revealed that neural reflexes also regulate the immune system. Activation of the vagus nerve modulates leukocyte cytokine production and alleviates experimental shock and autoimmune disease, and recent data have…
Descriptors: Physiology, Neurology, Stimulation, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
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Meiri, Gal; Dinstein, Ilan; Michaelowski, Analya; Flusser, Hagit; Ilan, Michal; Faroy, Michal; Bar-Sinai, Asif; Manelis, Liora; Stolowicz, Dana; Yosef, Lili Lea; Davidovitch, Nadav; Golan, Hava; Arbelle, Shosh; Menashe, Idan – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Elucidating the heterogeneous etiologies of autism will require investment in comprehensive longitudinal data acquisition from large community based cohorts. With this in mind, we have established a hospital-university-based (HUB) database of autism which incorporates prospective and retrospective data from a large and ethnically diverse…
Descriptors: Autism, Databases, Etiology, Hospitals
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Pakulak, Eric; Hampton Wray, Amanda; Longoria, Zayra; Garcia Isaza, Alejandra; Stevens, Courtney; Bell, Theodore; Burlingame, Sarah; Klein, Scott; Berlinski, Samuel; Attanasio, Orazio; Neville, Helen – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2017
The relationship between early adversity and numerous negative outcomes across the lifespan is evident in a wide range of societies and cultures (e.g., Pakulak, Stevens, & Neville, 2018). Among the most affected neural systems are those supporting attention, self-regulation, and stress regulation. As such, these systems represent targets for…
Descriptors: Intervention, Cultural Differences, Correlation, Cultural Context
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Nugent, J. Kevin; Bartlett, Jessica Dym; Von Ende, Adam; Valim, Clarissa – Infants and Young Children, 2017
The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system is a neurobehavioral observation tool designed to sensitize parents to infants' capacities and individuality and to enhance the parent-infant relationship by strengthening parents' confidence and practical skills in caring for their children. The NBO's focus on relationship building is intended for…
Descriptors: Neonates, Infants, Parent Child Relationship, Self Esteem
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Maessen, Martijn F. H.; Fluit, Cornelia R. M. G.; Holla, Micha; Drost, Gea; Vorstenbosch, Marc A. T. M.; de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C.; Kooloos, Jan G. M.; Tanck, Esther – Journal of Educational Issues, 2016
Medical students consider anatomy, neurology, and traumatology as difficult study topics. A recent study showed that the daily quiz "Two Opportunities to Practice per day (TOPday)" positively supported biomedical students in analyzing and solving biomechanical problems. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of…
Descriptors: Medical Students, Tests, Formative Evaluation, Self Esteem
Zane, Emily – ProQuest LLC, 2016
This project used Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to explore neurophysiological brain responses to prepositional phrases involving concrete and abstract reference nouns (e.g., "plate" and "moment," respectively) after the presentation of objects with varying spatial features. Prepositional phrases were headed by "in"…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurology
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Mevel, Katell; Fransson, Peter; Bölte, Sven – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
Current evidence suggests the phenotype of autism spectrum disorder to be driven by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors impacting onto brain maturation, synaptic function, and cortical networks. However, findings are heterogeneous, and the exact neurobiological pathways of autism spectrum disorder still remain poorly…
Descriptors: Autism, Twins, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests
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Jalil, Sajiya J.; Sacktor, Todd Charlton; Shouval, Harel Z. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Memories that last a lifetime are thought to be stored, at least in part, as persistent enhancement of the strength of particular synapses. The synaptic mechanism of these persistent changes, late long-term potentiation (L-LTP), depends on the state and number of specific synaptic proteins. Synaptic proteins, however, have limited dwell times due…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization, Maintenance
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Carmel S. Sivaratnam; Louise K. Newman; Bruce J. Tonge; Nicole J. Rinehart – Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
The understanding, expression, and regulation of emotion have been identified as core to everyday communication and psychosocial adjustment in children. The aim of this paper is to review and to compare current clinical and empirical knowledge on emotion recognition, reciprocity, and expression deficits in children diagnosed with autism spectrum…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Self Control, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorders
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