Discusses: (1) the architecture of expert systems; (2) features that distinguish expert systems from conventional programs; (3) conditions necessary to select a particular application for the development of successful expert systems; (4) issues to be resolved when building expert systems; and (5) limitations. Examples of selected expert systems…

Two map posters are provided. Younger children can use a neighborhood map to locate information and trace paths, while older children can use a wilderness map to read scales. The emphasis is on problem solving with both maps. (MNS)

Included are a general introduction to the topic of metacognition, a discussion of how metacognition is involved in mathematical performance, and a short section on metacognition and instruction. (MNS)

Presents a method for solving problems related to gas laws, the mole concept, molarity, heats of reactions, and other chemical concepts. Also presents another method which was devised to simplify the teaching of stoichiometric calculations using conversion factors. (JN)

An interdisciplinary unit on investigation guides gifted students up to age 14 through problem solving activities in language arts, mathematics, science, and social sciences. (CL)

Overview of the artificial intelligence (AI) field provides a definition; discusses past research and areas of future research; describes the design, functions, and capabilities of expert systems and the "Turing Test" for machine intelligence; and lists additional sources for information on artificial intelligence. Languages of AI are…

To evaluate prevalence of perseveration in early search, nine-month-olds were tested on both two- and three-location version of Piaget's AB task. Three principal findings emerged: (1) infants did not show systematic perservation on either location task; (2) they did demonstrate positive search skills; and (3) they searched using similiar methods…

Examines the relationship between development of logical processes required in deductive reasoning and their use by preschoolers, also considering possible explanations for children's deductive reasoning. The relationship of problem content to real-world knowledge and the sequence of presentation of problem types were found to affect the display…

The visuo-spatial centers of the right brain are crucial to being able to problem solve or conceptualize (two abilities necessary for success in understanding science). Yet, current educational format is almost exclusively a left-brain undertaking. Reasons why educators should emphasize right-brain understanding in educational curricula at all…

Motivational classroom materials that provide direct instruction on problem-solving skills are given. The activity highlights and provides opportunities for practice with two problem-solving skills, make a drawing and work backward. (MNS)

Five ways the computer can be used in psychology courses to teach thinking are described: using the computer to replace things that already work (e.g., a tachistoscope); programing the computer; simulating specialized procedures and situations; providing behavior to be observed and described; and posing problems for analysis and solution. (RM)

Looks at devices that stimulate intralinguistic thinking patterns, that is, patterns that can only be induced by the structures and forms of the target language without any dependency upon native-language patterns. Focuses on problem-solving activities that help the learner develop modes of thought that can be solved "Italian." (SED)

Three types of mathematics relevance are discussed: vicarious, artificial and long-term. Using mathematics to make things happen, solving a real problem, and planning an event are then described. (MNS)

Describes an experiment (using plastic bags) designed to give students practical understanding on using statistics to evaluate data and how statistical treatment of experimental results can enhance their value in solving scientific problems. Students also gain insight into the orientation and structure of polymers by examining the plastic bags.…

Addresses issues related to the use of microcomputers for solving problems. Includes considerations of the impact of software availability, the nature of software for chemical education, general-purpose software, and dedicated software. (JN)