Distinguishes between attribution of responsibility for a problem and attribution of responsibility for a solution. Derives four general models that specify what form people's behavior will take when they try either to help others or to help themselves. Also describes competing models of responsibility in education, psychotherapy, law, and…

Assumes that the educational enterprise is practical rather than theoretical, and challenges the potential usefulness of the science of psychology for educational practitioners. Examines the validity and generativity of Eriksonian, Skinnerian, and Piagetian theory in this context. (CM)

Suggests techniques for teaching students to comprehend test questions in a manner that requires them to think about both what is in the question and what could be in the passage. (HOD)

The subjects were 47 first-grade children from three classrooms in a Lexington, Kentucky public school. Results indicate that the position of the unknown set in a verbal problem substantially determines whether or not a problem can be modeled successfully by children of this age. (MP)

Discusses problem-solving styles in environmental management and the specific deficiencies in these styles that might be grouped under the label "tunnel vision," a form of selective attention contributing to inadequate problem-formulation, partial solutions to complex problems, and generation of additional problems. Includes educational…

Three experiments investigated effects of attentional factors on children's learning set performance. Younger children's learning was differentially affected by two or more irrelevant dimensions. Practice improved performance for all ages. Results confirmed that irrelevant dimensions and within-problems exposure interact with age and amount of…

A series of problem solving situations designed around a hypothetical birdhouse factory is explored. The original material is designed around solving systems of equations, but the approach used is designed to be easily modifiable to incorporate other mathematical content. (MP)

Contains five lesson plans designed to help students understand the causes of violent behavior and vandalism and to give them experience in solving problems of real-life situations. Students examine the causes and implications of violence in schools and among adolescents and effect of mass media on violent behavior. (AM)

Compared the effects of two types of instruction to investigate how proficiency in generating alternatives in marital problem solving can be improved, using a sample of 44 Canadian couples. Results showed increased generation of alternatives. Communication skills training did not enhance creativity in problem solving. (Author/JAC)

The "Think It Through" videodisc and computer program is designed to develop independent thinking skills in intermediate-age hearing impaired students. The program combines a videodisc (visual storage medium) and a microcomputer to present interactive problem solving tasks. (CL)

Possible legal justifications for "reasons"--statements that justify conclusions--are discussed. It is suggested that justification is a concept that should be taken seriously and is one that is guided by objective standards, authority, tautology, tradition, consequences, comparison, intuitive moral sense, internal consistency, determinism, or…

Bayes' theorem in the diagnostic context is reviewed, and a cognitive bias reported subsequent to Detmer's review is described, along with a demonstration of this bias with advanced medical students. Some of the implications for teaching of diagnosis are explored. (Author/MLW)

Describes a program designed by a practicing inventor to systematically teach gifted and talented elementary school students how to be inventive. Examples of typical student inventions and an appendix listing steps or keys in inventing are included. (Author/RH)

Utilizes a direct management framework to identify the school principal's competencies in problem solving, planning, organizing, controlling, directing, and staffing. (Author/GC)

Whether hierarchical ordering among fraction identification problems reflects the replacement of simple rules by complex rules was investigated. Latent class techniques revealed that children applied rules that were adequate for simple problems but had to be replaced to solve more complex problems. (Author/GK)