In this paper Puerto Rico's history as one of colonial oppression and a struggle for national self-definition is described. The divergent conceptions of patriotism, national liberation, and human freedom as voiced by leaders of the national elite and of the Puerto Rican working class are discussed in terms of traditional themes in the culture.…

This study was undertaken in a single school district to determine if variation in reading achievement levels was related to some social factors. The social factors analyzed included student IQ, student socioeconomic status (SES), teacher SES, school SES, and school classroom SES. Data was culled from the personal records of 1,522 students.…

The research data in this report were assembled as a basis for exploring the relationship between emotional distress or disturbance in both black and white adjudicated delinquents. The focus of inquiry was, for example, the relationship between emotional disturbance and being delinquent, the difference between black and white delinquents, and the…

The Echoic Response Inventory for Children (ERIC) is part of a test battery which includes the Expressive Vocabulary Inventory (EVI) and the Children's Auditory Discrimination Inventory (CADI), designed to assess language skills of disadvantaged children. These tests also seek to provide data that can help determine what changes in language…

Although universally acknowledged to be important, the relation between language and cognition is far from clear. While this paper also "sidesteps" this relation, it presumes that less elaborate language is linked to less differentiated cognitive activity. The study described here was aimed at collecting data on language usage for children (and…

Over 60 studies which manipulated social class and type of reinforcement were examined to determine the extent of their support for the views that: (1) social classes differ in reinforcer preferences; and (2) social class differences can be attributed to the different cognitive-social developmental levels of the two populations. Although evidence…

Using the data from the Educational Opportunities Survey (1965), this report shows shows that for sixth grade students, 24 percent of the total differences among students in their academic achievement is the maximum national value that can be associated with their membership in one of six racial-ethnic groups (Indian, Mexican, Puerto-Rican, Negro,…

The differences in learning potential among educable adolescents is discussed in terms of high scorers, those who learned to solve problems on the Kohs test while doing the first trial, gainers who experienced difficulty but showed marked improvement following tutoring, and nongainers who did not improve after tutoring. The reliability of the Kohs…

THE TEACHER AND THE SCHOOL SYSTEM SERVE AS THE KEY MEDIATORS IN THE ACCULTURATION OF STUDENTS FROM DEVIANT SUBCULTURES. HOWEVER, THE TEACHER'S COMMITMENT TO THE ETHICS OF WORK AND COMPETITION, HER FUTURE-ORIENTED VALUE SYSTEM, AND HER CONCEPT OF A FATHER-DOMINATED NUCLEAR FAMILY STRUCTURE TEND TO ALIENATE HER FROM HER STUDENTS. AS A RESULT, MANY…

A review is made of some of the studies done regarding social class differences and the effectiveness of reinforcers within these class groups of children. Results of these studies show that overall, the suggested hypothesis of differential reinforcers among social classes cannot be assumed. (DEP)

Using the military preinduction test battery scores of over 200,000 19-year-old Dutch men, the study measured the effects of birth-order and family size on five psychological functions. (Author)

Examines groups of individuals of differing income, education, occupation, age and sex and investigates the extent of differences between these groups on three levels: nationalism, support for the political system and satisfaction with aspects of every day living. Available from: International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Transaction…

Examined effects of intergenerational occupational mobility on relationships between elderly parents and their children. Results indicated that mobility effects depended on the direction of mobility, the gender of the child, and the perspective of the reporting generation, and were limited to feelings and perceptions more than to behavior.…

Although some of the Boston public schools enjoy good reputations, students at more typical Boston public schools, such as English High School, receive deficient educations. Boston must take actions to overcome the issues of equity that are crippling the achievement of its public high school students. (BJV)