Discusses the traditional number systems and the origin of the number names used by several African peoples living south of the Sahara. Also included are limitations in African mathematical development, and possible topics for research. (RP)

Provided is an activity designed to give grades 7-12 students opportunities to discover numerical patterns and to derive general conclusions from observing data. The activity focuses attention on patterns in products such as 33x34, 333x334, and 3333x3334. Three worksheets and answers are included. (JN)

An investigation concerning the sum of square digits is described to show college mathematics students how mathematicians really work. A computer program is included. (MNS)

How mathematics subject matter can be enhanced through the scientific reasoning method, how this integration can be achieved, adaptations needed for a modified approach, and resulting attainments are all considered. Prime numbers using the Sieve of Erastosthenes are the vehicle through which the approach is described. (MNS)

Six seven-year-old children were interviewed to investigate the quality of their solutions to whole-number tasks. Detailed analyses are provided of interviews with a girl who displayed an operative counting scheme (numerical extension) and a boy with a figurative counting scheme (intuitive extension). (MNS)

Recent research indicated that properly structured, meaningful counting activities can lead to improved performance in both number skills and logical operations. Suggested counting activities are then presented. (MNS)

A nine-year-old's conception of fractions was compared with his knowledge of units. He had effective schemes for solving some partition problems but did not consistently use units of different sizes in interpreting fractions. His solutions to equivalence problems showed no coherent method of verification. (MNS)

The problem of finding cube roots when limited to a calculator with only square root capability is discussed. An algorithm is demonstrated and explained which should always produce a good approximation within a few iterations. (MP)

Several subtraction algorithms are analyzed to see if they involve borrowing. The main focus is on an analysis of a procedure called the residue method. The operational arithmetic which underlies the symbolic manipulations is examined and conditions where the method does and does not use borrowing are highlighted. (MP)

"Chisanbop" is a Korean word which means finger calculation method. It is based on the Korean abacus, and its emphasis is on fives. By using Chisanbop techniques, one can add, subtract, multiply, and divide large numbers. Chisanbop can be taught most effectively to large groups in the second grade. (JN)

A program designed to calculate pi using a Monte Carlo simulation based on "throwing darts" at a quarter circle of unit radius inscribed in a unit square is presented. (MP)

A finger method for subtraction that has proved successful with many young subtraction-troubled mathematics students is presented. (MP)