One of a series of seven guides to developing the skills of quality circle members, this workbook is intended to introduce participants in creative problem solving workshops to literature on the subject as well as to provide tools for creative problem-solving. Contents include introductory activities, an overview of creative problem-solving, and…

Consistency in characteristics of maternal behavior with different siblings was investigated among 65 economically disadvantaged families, each having two children. Quality of infant/mother attachment was assessed when firstborn children were 12 and 18 months old, respectively, and when secondborn children were 12 months old. When children were 24…

Little experimental research exists concerning third party mediation. Possible dimensions for study are type of control, including outcome control (of the third party over negotiation outcomes) and process control (third party influence on the negotiation process); and type of intervention, i.e., process or issue oriented interventions. To examine…

The paper describes Project ICE (Institute for Creative Education), an approach to developing students' divergent thinking skills through a creative problem-solving process. Project ICE is designed to help students of all backgrounds and ability levels benefit by growth in fluent, flexible, original, and elaborate responses to problems or tasks.…

An interview investigation was undertaken in which a group of nurses and a group of technicians reasoned about evidence for the existence of a causal relation in a medical and in a technical case. A statement about the existence of the relation was presented and the subjects were then asked as to what evidence there might and should be behind such…

This study investigated novice and expert problem solving behavior in management to examine the role of domain specific knowledge on problem solving processes. Forty-one middle level marketing managers in a large petrochemical organization provided think aloud protocols in response to two hypothetical management scenarios. Protocol analysis…

Educators, in the United States and throughout the world, are looking for new structures to embue teachers with decision-making authority and responsibility. This study maintains that before changing existing structures, it is necessary to examine and improve the current decision making process. The report outlines 12 guidelines for successful…

Instructional consultation in postsecondary institutions is explored by examining problem solving behaviors of instructional consultants and their faculty clients. Study goals were to: determine whether instructional consultants or the faculty clients guide the discussion during instructional consultation; describe the issues discussed by…

This paper provides guidelines and programming commands for using LogoWriter activity cards in game-writing as a way to develop student programming skills. Suggestions are made for the specific activity cards to use, and solutions are provided for some of the problems that were most frequently encountered by the author's students as they worked on…

Research using expectancy models has shown contraceptive choice among adults to be a rational process in that intentions and behaviors reflect an individual's beliefs, values, attitudes, and perceptions of social norms. This study examined whether such an approach could accurately represent adolescents' contraceptive decision-making. It used the…

It is suggested that models of human problem solving are useful in the analysis of word fluency (WF) test performance. In problem-solving terms, WF tasks would require the subject to define and clarify the conditions of the task (task acquisition), select and employ appropriate strategies, and monitor one's performance. In modern neuropsychology,…

This study attempted to extend prior research on everyday problem solving by analyzing the effects of goal clarity and the presence or absence of a partner on performance in a number of problems. Subjects were 35 undergraduates who were screened, matched, and tested as singles or dyads during which time they thought aloud. Problems included mazes,…

The paper is a discussion of research on direct instruction and its implications for effective instruction in verbal math problem solving for elementary learning disabled students. Characteristics and problems of conventional programs are reviewed, as are the major features and logic of direct instruction programing. Components of instructional…

The purpose of this research was to determine what effects, if any, widening or narrowing the response repertoire has on measures of IQ and problem solving of preschool children. It was predicted that response widening, or creative/divergent thinking, would have a positive effect on IQ and problem solving. Forty-one preschool children 3 to 6 years…

This illustrated guide was designed to familiarize consumers with planning a vacation trip, whether domestic or abroad. The guide covers setting up a budget; package tours; cruises and charter flights; travel agencies and clubs; and arranging stays in hotels/motels, rental condominiums, bed-and-breakfasts, hostels, campsites, and private…