Cross-cultural adaptation of study instruments is a difficult, time-consuming, but arguably cost-effective process. If conducted properly, it has the advantage that the translated study instruments are accurate, easy to understand, accessible, and culturally appropriate to the target audience and produce reliable and valid data. This article…

The suggestion that coherent motion may serve as a test of magnocellular sensitivity is problematic. However, the nature of the problems depends on how the "magnocellular system" is defined. If this term is limited to subcortical entities, the problems are that subcortical neurons are not directionally selective, and that their receptive fields…

This study was conducted in order to evaluate available linking techniques for forming large item pools and to make recommendations as to which techniques should be used under various circumstances. Variables of interest included calibration model and procedure, sample size, overlap level, and linking procedure. The calibration models considered…

THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY CLEARLY INDICATE THE INADVISABILITY OF ATTEMPTING TO PERFORM ITEM ANALYSES BASED UPON SMALL SAMPLES. THE SINGLE ITEM DISCRIMINATION INDEX BASED UPON SAMPLES OF SIZE 15, 30, OR 60, HAS LITTLE OR NO VALUE. THOSE BASED UPON SAMPLES OF 120 ARE ONLY INDICATIVE IN NATURE. (LP)

The objectives of this study were to first determine whether or not the empirical item analysis of domain referenced tests (DR) was justified; and second, in the event that it was, which of a set of recommended procedures was most effective for determining item quality. The analysis that followed led to the conclusion that empirical procedures…

Given a sample of responses to a pair of questionnaire items with interval scale values it is sometimes of interest to know the degree to which respondents select the same response for both items. The coefficient of equality measures the departure from independence in the direction of equality. (RC)

The relationship between criterion, test items, and instruction is discussed to show the problems of the pretest and posttest evaluation of criterion referenced items. (JY)

Estimation of the parameters of the Rasch model is considered when both the item parameters and the ability parameters are considered random quantities. (RB)

Some suggestions for measuring marginal symmetry in agreement matrices for categorical data are discussed, together with measures of item-by-item agreement conditional on marginal asymmetry. Connections with intraclass correlations for dichotomous data are noted. (Author)