A conception of the self system is needed for studying personally involving beliefs and attitudes, particularly to interpret research findings that show differences in cognitive processing and action as a function of varying levels of involvement. Different levels of involvement are associated with different structures of attitudes and beliefs, as…

Although case studies and anecdotal information have suggested that differences exist between the early family environments of obese and non-obese individuals, no experimental research exists. Undergraduates completed the Family Environment Scale (FES) and a questionnaire concerning past and present weight information. Subjects were classified as…

This paper presents a methodology for using the Benjamin Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model in individual, couple and family therapy to describe relations among self-concept, early history and adult relationships. The SASB model of two-person social interactions defines behavioral opposites, complements, antidotes and…

This paper presents and evaluates the broad results of pre-school intervention experiments and programs aimed at fostering the intellectual and social development of "disadvantaged" groups. Among the general findings discussed are (1) there is a "sensitive," or even "critical," period in child development, an age at…

This study of student teachers in high school mathematics and science classrooms compares their teaching behaviors and their scores from three pencil-and-paper tests. Data analysis indicates a relative independence between the ratings of teacher classroom behavior and scores on the pencil-and-paper tests. There was little consistent relationship…

The research question investigated was: What relationship, if any, exists between teacher personality characteristics associated with self-actualization and the test anxiety levels of their students. Teacher personality characteristics in 6 schools were assessed with the Shostrom Personal Orientation Inventory. The Sarason Test Anxiety Scale for…

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION WAS STUDIED BETWEEN OVER- AND UNDER-ACHIEVING STUDENTS IN THE ELEVENTH-GRADE TO DEVELOP AN OBJECTIVE MEASURE OF MOTIVATION FOR USE IN PREDICTING ACADEMIC SUCCESS OR FAILURE. APPROXIMATELY 800 STUDENTS IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS WERE SELECTED FOR VALIDATION AND CROSS-VALIDATION SAMPLES. THEY WERE DIVIDED BY SEX AND ACHIEVEMENT.…

TO RELATE PERSONALITY NEEDS TO DROPOUT AND ACHIEVEMENT AMONG ADULT LEARNERS, A SAMPLE OF 90 MALES AND 50 FEMALES WAS RANDOMLY DRAWN FROM THE 600 REGISTRANTS IN THE HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA, ADULT EVENING HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF CLASSES. THE EDWARDS PERSONAL PREFERENCE SCHEDULE WAS ADMINISTERED TO THE SAMPLE, AND THE DATA WAS…

THE MAJOR FOCUS OF THIS STUDY WAS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSTRICTION OF TIME PERSPECTIVE AND PREFERENCES FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL, AND LOCAL AFFAIRS. THREE GROUPS WERE FORMED ACCORDING TO AGE--UNDER 40, 40-59, AND 60 AND OVER. TABLES SHOW, IN PERCENTAGES, THE RESPONSES TO SUCH QUESTIONS AS WHAT THE…

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO TRAINING PROGRAMS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LEADERS OF INTERNATIONAL GROUPS WAS STUDIED. EIGHTEEN AMERICAN SUBJECTS WERE GIVEN LEADERSHIP TRAINING REDUNDANT TO THEIR PERSONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AS MEASURED BY FIEDLER'S LEAST PREFERRED COWORKER SCORE (LPC), WHILE ANOTHER 18 SUBJECTS WERE GIVEN TRAINING COMPLEMENTARY TO THEIR…

MAINTAINING FLEXIBILITY IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMING, NECESSARY TO MEET THE CHANGING NEEDS AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE ADULT STUDENT, CALLS FOR STAFF MEMBERS' WILLINGNESS TO ADAPT TO CHANGE. THUS, PREDICTING THE ATTITUDES OF ADULT EDUCATORS TOWARD INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IS A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN. THIS RESEARCH TESTED THE NOTION, DRAWN FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL,…

Science Monographs, published by the National Institute of Mental Health, are book-length, integrative state-of-the-art reviews, critical evaluations of findings, or program assessments of current research on topics related to the NIMH mandate. This set of articles concentrate on mental illness in the family. "Depression and Low-Income,…

Teachers, counselors, administrators, psychologists, social workers, and other professionals working in social service agencies have become so specialized that there is very little in common among the various approaches. In order to avoid separation and isolation of these professions and a possible decline in helping effectiveness, the common…

Knowledge of the influence of situational variables and the importance of interaction between person and situation requires a more complex view of illness than that held by many practitioners of psychosomatic medicine, who attribute causality solely to internal and isolated personality traits. Personality was studied, therefore, as a conditioner…

Research on role-model identification has demonstrated the powerful effect that models have on individuals' behavior. To extend prior research on this phenomenon, the role-model identifications of first-, third-, fifth-, and ninth-grade students were outlined and examined. The results did not support the hypothesis that adolescents identify with…