Based on secondary analysis of the 1990 California Tobacco Survey of 24,296 adult and 7,767 adolescent respondents, this study investigates enigmatic results established by past research of comparatively low smoking prevalence rates among African American adolescents and high use patterns for African American adults. Findings support hypothesis…

Examined outcome expectancies, outcome evaluations, and interest in participating in smoking cessation programs presented in graduated steps of intervention intensity. Concluded that attitudes and control beliefs should be the focus of initial program promotion for college smoking cessation programs. (JOW)

Smokers were assigned to either no-contact control, discussion, or social support group. All subjects received self-help manual and were encouraged to watch daily televised cessation program. Social support group and their nonsmoking buddies were trained in support and relapse prevention. Found abstinence rates highest in social support group,…

Examined effects of being a smoker on employment prospects in three studies using college students (or their acquaintances) as subjects (n=122). Results implied smokers may reduce their employment handicap by directly eliminating the basis for the preference, such as by not volunteering information about their status as a smoker or by promising…

Evaluated personalized feedback and financial incentives as adjuncts to self-help materials for smoking cessation among subjects (n=1,217) randomized to 4 treatment groups and followed up at 3 and 12 months. Financial incentive increased self-help material use, did not increase cessation rates, and was associated with higher relapse rates.…

Evaluated effect of smokers' hotline as adjunct to self-help manuals. Subjects (n=1,813), assigned to manual only or manual plus hotline condition, were followed over 18 months. Results showed consistent, significant hotline effect across outcome measures and follow-up periods. Findings suggest effectiveness of hotline in enhancing self-help quit…

Tested hypothesis that cognitive-behavioral mood management intervention would be effective for smokers with history of major depressive disorder (MDD). Findings from 149 smokers, 31% of whom had history of MDD, revealed that history-positive subjects were more likely to be abstinent when treated with mood management; treatment condition…

Examined psychosocial characteristics and service needs of pregnant women with substance abuse histories. Interviewed 225 pregnant women defined as having high-risk pregnancies for psychosocial reasons. Compared to non-substance-abusing women, those with admitted history of substance abuse were significantly older, had more children, were more…

Using national survey data, this study found that the smoking prevalence among postlingually deafened adults was not significantly different than hearing adults. Prelingually deafened adults were found to be less likely to smoke than hearing adults, even though they had less education and lower incomes, factors usually associated with higher…

Two antismoking advertisements produced in Scotland, one using a fear appeal, the other a positive image, were compared using an interview questionnaire. Subjects' (N=394) preferences and advertising effectiveness were studied. Findings are discussed in terms of psychosocial theories, and a "Preference Model" is proposed. (Author/EMK)

Study assesses the recent rate of cigarette smoking and examines the association of cigarette smoking with individual factors and problem behaviors among middle school students (N=323) in Beijing, China. Results confirm that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Chinese adolescents is higher among males, increases with advancing age, and is…

Considers evidence for an association between body-weight/shape concerns and smoking in females. Gathers evidence from studies of a female eating-disordered population, teenage females, and middle-aged women in the general population. Teenage female data analysis reveals links between smoking and body-weight/shape concerns. Proposes that…

Smokers (n=3,030) were randomized to receive 1 of 3 interventions: (1) a self-help kit; (2) a quit kit plus 1 telephone counseling session; or (3) a quit kit plus up to 6 telephone counseling sessions, scheduled according to relapse probability. Both counseling groups achieved significantly higher abstinence rates than the self-help group.…

A survey of youth at greater risk of smoking (ages 10-11 and 13-14) in Britain, the Netherlands, and Spain received 5,935 replies. Despite differences in nationality, age, and smoking status, they enjoy mostly the same kinds of activities. Locations of the most popular activities are potential sites for smoking interventions. (SK)

Thirty-five substance abusing adolescents completed a cigarette-focused intervention and were followed-up on at three months post-treatment. Six were abstinent from smoking at follow-up, while 17 had attempted cessation. Duration of smoking and intentions to quit predicted cessation attempts. Smoking cessation had no negative effect on substance…