Eighteen college students solved addition problems using the Hutchings Low Fatigue Addition Algorithm, which requires a written record of running sums, and the standard algorithm, which does not. Students using the Hutchings algorithm had significantly higher reaction times to a tone, indicating that the Hutchings method requires less cognitive…

The concept of proof is discussed from a "human" viewpoint. The author concludes that "a good proof is one which makes us wiser." (MP)

A review of the statement and history of the Four-Color theorem is followed by an explanation of Appel and Haken's solution of the problem with a computer-aided proof. This is seen as the first proof in mathematics that would not be done without a computer. (MP)

Describes some unsolved problems in geometry, as well as some recently solved ones. Indicates that each advance generates more problems than it solves, thus ensuring a constant growth in unsolved problems. (GA)

Describes process scales designed to rate counselor's references to locus of control and record problem-solving statements. Results indicated counselors are inconsistent in use of style and content in causality. Counselors implied that students had resources to solve problems, but provided solutions rather than allowing students to solve problems.…

Encourages an expansion of the counselor's role through an evaluation of the efficacy of certain cognitive training procedures in teaching young children skills for interpersonal problem solving. (Author)

Reports results of a two-part study designed to extend training in cognitive interpersonal problem solving to an adult alcoholic population. Treatment subjects made greater improvement on problem-solving thinking than controls. Responses in discharge interviews demonstrated that treatment subjects were more likely to anticipate and plan ahead for…

In longitudinal study of female college graduates, self-definition, measured by freshman-year Thematic Apperception Tests, predicted problem-solving and coping behavior 14 years later. Women who viewed their problems in ways that facilitated effective coping scored higher in self-definition. Women who took instrumental actions to solve their…

Health care and other human service programs exhibit disparities and inequalities in services and rising costs. A broader focus in program evaluation is needed. Evaluation studies should determine how well programs work as well as identify and consider alternatives. (JOW)

Nine- and 16-month-old infants were presented a manual search problem in which a toy was hidden in one of two inaccessible containers, which were then moved into reach. Older infants performed better than younger infants, performance improved across trials, and more correct searches occurred when containers or trajectories were distinctive.…

This operational theory of adult learning is based on the premise that learning is a problem-solving process involving attention, differentiation, structuring, integration, abstracting, and generalization. (Journal availability: Department of Adult Education, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.) (SK)

A work-study team is the core of a school-university collaboration benefiting everyone involved. (Author)

A set of covariation problems was structured so that the solution pattern across problems would indicate the judgment rule used by each subject. A developmental trend across subjects in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades and in college demonstrated rule shifts toward use of increasingly accurate rules. (Author/RH)

In terms of Kagan's theory of the problem-solving process, this study explores the relationship between reflection-impulsivity, hypothesis generation and testing, and evaluation of the quality of one's own solutions among children approximately 8 to 12 years old. (JMB)

Responses to eight seriation tasks presented to 88 male kindergarten children and first-, second-, and third-grade students produced significant mean differences in explanations and strategies but no mean differences in judgment. A new experimental procedure, which allows explanations and strategies to be assessed, is advocated. (RH)