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Campbell, Colin; Landry, Oriane; Russo, Natalie; Flores, Heidi; Jacques, Sophie; Burack, Jacob A. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2013
The influences of verbal mental age (VMA) and performance mental age (PMA) on cognitive flexibility were examined among a group of participants with Down syndrome (DS), in order to disentangle the relative contributions of each. The impaired cognitive flexibility typically observed among individuals with DS in combination with uneven VMA and PMA…
Descriptors: Verbal Ability, Preschool Children, Down Syndrome, Nonverbal Ability
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Weierink, Lonneke; Vermeulen, R. Jeroen; Boyd, Roslyn N. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2013
This systematic review aimed to establish the current knowledge about brain structure and executive function (EF) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Five databases were searched (up till July 2012). Six articles met the inclusion criteria, all included structural brain imaging though no functional brain imaging. Study quality was assessed using…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurology, Autism, Executive Function
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Chen, C.-C.; Spano, G.; Edgin, J. O. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2013
The high prevalence of sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea, is well established in children with Down syndrome. However, only a few studies have focused on older children and young adults in this population. Given the presence of sleep disorders and the early emergence of Alzheimer's disease, more work is needed to examine the…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Body Composition, Sleep, Executive Function
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Edlin, James M.; Lyle, Keith B. – Brain and Cognition, 2013
The simple act of repeatedly looking left and right can enhance subsequent cognition, including divergent thinking, detection of matching letters from visual arrays, and memory retrieval. One hypothesis is that saccade execution enhances subsequent cognition by altering attentional control. To test this hypothesis, we compared performance…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Executive Function, Hypothesis Testing, Reaction Time
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Cushman, Fiery; Sheketoff, Rachel; Wharton, Sophie; Carey, Susan – Cognition, 2013
Between the ages of 4 and 8 children increasingly make moral judgments on the basis of an actor's intent, as opposed to the outcome that the actor brings about. Does this reflect a reorganization of concepts in the moral domain, or simply the development of capacities outside the moral domain such as theory of mind and executive function?…
Descriptors: Young Children, Moral Values, Value Judgment, Moral Development
Diamond, Adele – ZERO TO THREE, 2014
Executive functions enable children to pay attention, follow instructions, apply what they have learned, have those "aha!" moments in which they grasp how multiple facts interrelate, think of creative solutions, obey social norms such as waiting their turn and not butting in line or jumping out of their seat, mentally construct a plan,…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Attention, Child Development, Infants
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Kuhn, Laura J.; Willoughby, Michael T.; Wilbourn, Makeba Parramore; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne; Blair, Clancy B. – Child Development, 2014
Using an epidemiological sample (N = 1,117) and a prospective longitudinal design, this study tested the direct and indirect effects of preverbal and verbal communication (15 months to 3 years) on executive function (EF) at age 4 years. Results indicated that whereas gestures (15 months), as well as language (2 and 3 years), were correlated with…
Descriptors: Epidemiology, Nonverbal Communication, Longitudinal Studies, Verbal Communication
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Laasonen, Marja; Väre, Jenni; Oksanen-Hennah, Henna; Leppämäki, Sami; Tani, Pekka; Harno, Hanna; Hokkanen, Laura; Pothos, Emmanuel; Cleeremans, Axel – Annals of Dyslexia, 2014
In this study of the project DyAdd, implicit learning was investigated through two paradigms in adults (18-55 years) with dyslexia (n?=?36) or with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n?=?22) and in controls (n?=?35). In the serial reaction time (SRT) task, there were no group differences in learning. However, those with ADHD exhibited…
Descriptors: Adults, Dyslexia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Reaction Time
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Fleming, Valarie B. – Communication Disorders Quarterly, 2014
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may present with subtle declines in linguistic ability that go undetected by tasks not challenging enough to tax a relatively intact cognitive-linguistic system. This study was designed to replicate and extend a previous study of cognitive-linguistic ability in MCI using a complex discourse…
Descriptors: Mild Mental Retardation, Language Skills, Cognitive Ability, Hypothesis Testing
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Bowler, Dermot M.; Gaigg, Sebastian B.; Gardiner, John M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
Diminished episodic memory and diminished use of semantic information to aid recall by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both thought to result from diminished relational binding of elements of complex stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we asked high-functioning adults with ASD and typical comparison participants to study grids in…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Memory
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Kimhi, Yael; Shoam-Kugelmas, Dana; Agam Ben-Artzi, Galit; Ben-Moshe, Inbal; Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF), which may be linked because one domain (EF) affects the other (ToM). Group differences (ASD vs. typical development) were examined in both cognitive domains, as well as EF's associations and regressions with ToM. Participants…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism, Theory of Mind
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Rajan, Vinaya; Cuevas, Kimberly; Bell, Martha Ann – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2014
Age-related differences in episodic memory judgments assessing recall of fact information and the source of this information were examined. The role of executive function (EF) in supporting early episodic memory ability was also explored. Four- and 6-year-old children were taught 10 novel facts from two different sources (experimenter or puppet),…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Memory, Children, Cognitive Development
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Olu-Lafe, Olufemi; Liederman, Jacqueline; Tager-Flusberg, Helen – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
There is considerable debate about whether people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are biased toward local information and whether this disrupts their ability to integrate two complex shapes elements into a single figure. Moreover, few have examined the relationship between integration ability and ASD symptom severity. Adolescent/adult males…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Cognitive Ability, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
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van Marle, Kristy; Chu, Felicia W.; Li, Yaoran; Geary, David C. – Developmental Science, 2014
The study assessed the relations among acuity of the inherent approximate number system (ANS), performance on measures of symbolic quantitative knowledge, and mathematics achievement for a sample of 138 (64 boys) preschoolers. The Weber fraction (a measure of ANS acuity) and associated task accuracy were significantly correlated with mathematics…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Child Development, Number Systems, Numeracy
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Papaioannou, Sophia; Mouzaki, Angeliki; Sideridis, Georgios D.; Antoniou, Foteini; Padeliadu, Suzanna; Simos, Panagiotis G. – Educational Psychology, 2016
The study assessed cognitive and academic performance of children demonstrating teacher-rated ADHD-related symptoms (Inattention [IA] and/or Hyperactivity/Impulsivity [H/I]) in a representative sample of, largely untreated, Greek elementary school students (N?=?923). A battery of tests assessing short-term memory (STM), sustained attention,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Short Term Memory, Reading Skills
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