Examines gender differences in 4-year olds, observing, in 3 replications, 18 to 21 girls and 20 to 22 boys at home and school. Relations between individual characteristics and behavior, or between different aspects of behavior, differ in a number of ways between girls and boys. (SLD)

Presents survey data on the images of African-American women among 256 white non-Hispanic undergraduates and a second sample of 79 students. Findings suggest that Anglo students assign different emotional evaluations (generally more negative) to the same trait, depending on whether they are characterizing African-American women or women in…

The study compared human figure drawings (using the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test and Koppitz' Emotional Indicators) of 26 hearing-impaired and 26 normal-hearing children and adolescents. No significant differences were found between groups but the Emotional Indicators did not perform as predicted in determining emotional disturbance. (Author/DB)

Third-grade classrooms participated in evaluation of KIDS CARE, program to reduce youth alcohol/drug abuse through enhancing decision-making skills, self-esteem, and group bonding. Findings confirmed use of teacher nomination procedure for differentiating high- and nonrisk students and suggest that, following intervention, there was significant…

In this introduction to the special journal issue on stress and coping, stress and coping theory is reviewed. Notes that issue is devoted to coping with stressors during transition of adolescence; age and gender differences in stress and coping; influence of close relationship as stress buffer; relationship between coping and adaption; and…

Describes a small-scale study of four British primary schools where high numbers of ll-year-olds achieve level 4 or better in English by the end of Key Stage 2. Identifies 13 common school-effectiveness characteristics and proposes headteacher creativity as a 14th characteristic needing further study. (16 references) (MLH)

Examines two myths or misperceptions associated with premedical education, that of the "premedical syndrome" (over-achieving, competitive, cynical, and narrowly focused students), and the "cutthroat medical student" (competitive to the point of undermining others). The origins of the myths, the purposes they may serve, why they…

A study compared two groups of gifted adolescents, highly (n=74) and moderately (N=163) gifted, on self-concept, emotional autonomy, and anxiety. Results indicated no significant differences on self-concept and adjustment. Age correlated with emotional stability and parent relationships. Girls outscored boys on measures of honesty and…

Used between-family analyses of data from adolescent twin girls to offer new evidence that early menarche is associated with earlier initiation and greater frequency of smoking and drinking. Found that association of pubertal timing with substance use could not be explained by between-family confounds, and pubertal timing influence on drinking…

How young mothers construct life aspirations in the face of new parent roles was studied (N=58). Adjustment of expectations in the face of parenting demands, changes in aspirations, support for pursuing life goals, and access to resources are discussed. Characteristics of the most resilient stories are examined. (Author/EMK)

Caretakers' psychological factors are related to premature termination of counseling for their children (N=85). General hostility, anxiety, depression, and paranoia were studied. Descriptive statistics, correlations of variables, and a predictive discriminant analysis are reported. Effects of caretaker variables on early termination of treatment…

This study investigated the relation between personality traits (Five Factor Model), personal factors (innovativeness and self-efficacy), social factors (expectations or relevant reference groups), and motives (information, entertainment, and interpersonal communication) for going online among German high school Internet users. Demonstrated the…

Examines differences in attitudes between boys and girls after 5 years of modern language study through interviews with 75 students, 12 language teachers, and 2 headteachers. The significance of teacher personality and classroom practice emerged clearly from student interviews. Findings are discussed in the context of the British national…

Discusses empowering parents and communities to enhance loving and healthy family relationships through the concept of resilience and other factors, irrespective of different cultural understandings about bringing up children. Argues that good child-adult relations can reduce stress and help children develop tolerance, understanding, cooperation,…

Study investigates relationships among stressful circumstances, cognitive control, and distress among Korean immigrants in the U.S. It was hypothesized that cognitive control mediated the effect of exposure to stressful circumstances on distress. Results provide strong support for cognitive control in mediating the relationship between stressful…