A 12-category instrument was developed for describing verbal interaction among students working in small groups in the biology laboratory. Seventy-five student laboratory groups were tape recorded. Data were collected while the students worked on two different laboratory activities, and group laboratory reports were collected at the end of each…

The purpose of this study was to find out whether systematic evaluation feedback to teachers would result in: (1) development of more favorable attitudes toward evaluation, as measured by Teacher Attitudes Toward Evaluation (TATE), and increased teacher use of a variety of curricula and materials, (2) greater correspondence between teachers'…

A study was designed 1) to develop and test a conceptual model for viewing teacher-pupil communicative relationships in the classroom, 2) to determine if systematic observations of teacher behavior are useful in analyzing communication events, and 3) to determine if data on teacher nonverbal and verbal behavior are more useful than on verbal…

A method of interaction analysis in which the individual student is the unit of analysis in classroom studies is needed to complement traditional studies treating the class as the unit. Such a method would add information concerning intra-class variation in teacher-pupil interaction patterns. Treatment of the studied are properly conceptualized as…

This paper holds that the "supervisory" function should be basically one of teaching teachers rather than evaluation of teaching styles, with the consultant on teaching guiding a teacher in the systematic analysis and modification of his teaching performance through a systematic decisionmaking process. In the first half of this paper supervisory…

A comprehensive plan for the evaluation of new curriculums and instructional procedures stresses the observation of activities in which pupils are engaged while the instructional program is in operation. Through the Individually Prescribed Instruction Project conducted at the University of Pittsburgh, it was found that all observable pupil…

The purpose of this document is to describe two process-oriented classroom observation scales and to report a research study which offers further support for the validity of these instruments. The two observation scales, developed by Harvey, et al., are (1) Teaching Rating Scale, devised specifically as a measure of classroom atmosphere, and (2)…

For evaluation and further development of the First-Year Communication Skills Program, a classroom observational study was conducted to determine the extent to which teachers demonstrated the desired instructional behaviors and to measure pupil response rate. A sample of 10 classes was selected for observation by two observers during a regularly…

This paper examines current forms and instruments of classroom observation and suggests directions for future research studies. The following topics are covered: the need for good criterion measures, the use of observational instruments in outcome measures, the development of procedures to code the content that is covered in a classroom, the…

Reported is an observational analysis process termed "macroanalysis" which involves the analysis of interactive dialogue in chains or sequences of coded behavior rather than in terms of conventional matrices and ratios. All existing 3-, 4-, and 5-tally chains are extracted directly from an observer's coded tallies. This paper includes a…

This textbook, designed to be used in teacher preparation courses focuses on observation of students and the role it plays in instructional decision making. The first chapter discusses the necessity of observation of students in the learning environment. Chapter two identifies the general principles, procedures, and problems applicable to all…

This document presents case studies of children from five preschools of Head Start's Planned Variation Program. The case studies are designed to reflect the meaning of the preschool experience for each individual child, with emphasis on changes in self concept, concepts of the world, interpersonal interactions, and task-oriented behavior. Children…

The first three chapters of this booklet describe the utilization of observation as a measurement technique, the types of observation systems available, and the necessary components of an observation system. The second part focuses on the following four commonly used observation systems: 1) primary reading checklist, 2) student affective behavior…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training teachers in the use of strategies for content development through classroom communication behaviors, to determine the discriminatory power of the Content Analysis System, and to describe some of the relationships of content development characteristics and interaction…

This document is a guide for observing classrooms and classroom teaching in nongraded primary schools. The guide was developed to assess classroom teaching as distinguished from teaching the special area of art, music, etc. Twenty-three items are included in the instrument, which are subsumed under six major headings: I. Identifying Individual…