This table lists the top 100 United States academic institutions by dollar amounts and rank in spending on research and development during fiscal 1990. Research and development amounts are given in U.S. funds and total funds. (DB)

Provides selected review of two lines of recent research on career exploration (identifying antecedents of exploratory activity and application of information processes biases to career exploration), with specific focus on applications for counseling practice. Describes relevant counseling interventions and concludes with summary of six goals to…

Reviews research on inductive reasoning errors, including seeing patterns or relationships where none exist, neglecting statistical regression, overgeneralizing unrepresentative data, and drawing conclusions based on incomplete decision matrices. Considers "false consensus effect," through which associations with like-minded people lead one to…

Treatment outcome research generally relies on main effects analysis of variance to determine whether treatments are differentially effective. There is reason to consider disaggregating main effects even when conditions of heterogeneity of variance are not violated. Potential statistical significance of disaggregation can be shown to be function…

Asserts that counseling psychologists' aversion to theory-driven science and their enthusiasm for naive empiricism impede scientific progress. Identifies "received view" of science as theory-driven science, points out symptoms and consequences of the failure to apply this view, and argues that greater scientific progress will result from moving…

Claims multimodal therapy has proven successful with problems that are generally considered "difficult" and when the prognosis is often guarded. Reviews research on multimodal therapy; concludes additional research is underway. (ABL)

Discusses heuristic approach to scientific social work research as philosophy of research that draws from contemporary philosophy of science and cultural, cognitive, and linguistic studies and that endorses research as tool for advocacy. Presents fundamental concepts of heuristic model, emphasizing how new conceptual foundations can facilitate…

Presents interview with Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Division of Personality Studies, in Department of Psychiatric Medicine at University of Virginia (Charlottesville). Discusses one controversial topic in area of death studies, cases suggestive of reincarnation. Describes first case he investigated, method of inquiry used to investigate…

Argues that all the various genres of documents produced in military research and development formulate some sort of problem. Discusses problem formulation and offers a rhetorical map showing their structural relationships to each other. (SR)

Emphasizes the importance of systematic and full-fledged R&D (research and development) in educational computing. Describes high technology R&D frameworks outside of education in business and industry, and discusses increasing the effectiveness and quality of educational computing R&D. (LRW)

This article describes "Success for All," a comprehensive reform program for elementary schools, with a focus on strategies the program uses to increase the chances that the program will remain in use over extended periods. Key elements held to increase the program's longevity include the provision of full-time facilitators to maintain program…

This article describes implementation of the talent search model developed by Julian Stanley at the Center for Talent Development of Northwestern University. While remaining true to the basic components of the talent search, the talent center at Northwestern has emphasized using talent search as a means to influence programming in local schools…

In "contextual learning theory" three types of contextual conditions (differentiation of learning procedures and materials, integrated ICT support, and improvement of development and learning progress) are related to four aspects of the learning process (diagnostic, instructional, managerial, and systemic aspects). The resulting…

Human capital development is one of the emerging areas of study with regard to social science theory, practice, and research. A relatively new concept, human capital is described in terms of individual knowledge skills and experience. It is currently expressed as a function of education as well as a measure of economic activity. Little theory…

There has been considerable debate on the nature of scholarship over the past two decades. A key contribution to this debate is a seminal work in which Boyer (1990) articulates an expanded notion of scholarship. One of the four functions of scholarship that Boyer identifies in this expanded view of scholarship is the scholarship of integration. In…